The mechanism for monochlorination with the help of iodobenzene dichloride should be proposed. Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH 4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination. The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows: Step1- Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl − Cl bond: Cl 2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light. Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps, Cl · radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows: In subsequent propagation step chloromethyl radical abstracts Cl · radical from another Cl 2 , and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl · radical. Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for monochlorination with the help of iodobenzene dichloride should be proposed.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Step1- Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps, Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step chloromethyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another Cl2 , and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The three major sites of monochlorination present over steroidsshould be predicted.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step alkyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another iodobenzene dichloride, and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

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Using the average bond strengths below, estimate the molar heat of hydrogenation, AHhydrogenation, for the conversion of C4H6 to C4H10. CH₂=CH-CH=CH₂(g) + 2H₂(g) →→→ CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂(g) || Bond C-H C=C H-H C-C kJ Bond Strength (kJ/mol) 413 614 436 348

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for monochlorination with the help of iodobenzene dichloride should be proposed.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Step1- Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps, Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step chloromethyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another Cl2 , and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The three major sites of monochlorination present over steroidsshould be predicted.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step alkyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another iodobenzene dichloride, and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for monochlorination with the help of iodobenzene dichloride should be proposed.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Step1- Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps, Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step chloromethyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another Cl2 , and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The three major sites of monochlorination present over steroidsshould be predicted.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step alkyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another iodobenzene dichloride, and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for monochlorination with the help of iodobenzene dichloride should be proposed.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Step1- Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps, Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step chloromethyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another Cl2 , and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The three major sites of monochlorination present over steroidsshould be predicted.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step alkyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another iodobenzene dichloride, and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for monochlorination with the help of iodobenzene dichloride should be proposed.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Step1- Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps, Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step chloromethyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another Cl2 , and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The three major sites of monochlorination present over steroidsshould be predicted.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step alkyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another iodobenzene dichloride, and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for monochlorination with the help of iodobenzene dichloride should be proposed.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Step1- Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps, Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step chloromethyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another Cl2 , and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for monochlorination with the help of iodobenzene dichloride should be proposed.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Step1- Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps, Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step chloromethyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another Cl2 , and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The three major sites of monochlorination present over steroidsshould be predicted.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step alkyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another iodobenzene dichloride, and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The three major sites of monochlorination present over steroidsshould be predicted.

Concept introduction: The monochlorination performed with ultraviolet light proceeds via radical chain mechanism. Chlorine transforms CH4 into chloromethane as the major halogenated product with variety of side products due to various possibility of chain termination.

The mechanism for monochlorination comprises of three stages illustrated as follows:

Initiation via homolytic cleavage of Cl−Cl bond: Cl2 initiates the reaction; undergoes homolysis to yield chlorine radicals. Energy for homolytic cleavage is provided by the heat or ultraviolet light.

Step2-: Propagation: In first of the propagation steps Cl· radical generated from step 1 abstracts hydrogen radical from methane as follows:

In subsequent propagation step alkyl radical abstracts Cl· radical from another iodobenzene dichloride, and liberates dichloromethane and new Cl· radical.

Step3: Termination: Radicals generated in propagation steps get quenched upon combination with one another. Thus termination steps are essentially the radical− radical combination illustrated as follows:

Answer 10

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Answer 13

Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1E Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.3TIY Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.4E Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.6TIY Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.7E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.8E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.10TIY Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.11E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.12E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.14TIY

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism for monochlorination with the help of iodobenzene dichloride.

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