The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction : If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

Question

It is easy to imagine a cyclohexane as a flat hexagon and a lot of the time we draw it that way. Looking at 1,3,5-triethylcyclohexane we cannot tell the stability of the molecule from looking at the flat 2D drawing. Explain why we need to look at the 3D configuration and what conformation (axial,equatorial) would each of the three ethyl groups be in for the most stable configuration.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 31P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: Trans-isomer has opposite attachment of all groups on the ring.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:All groups are situated in one side, it is cis-isomer. Stability is defined in terms of axial interactions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In trans-isomer all groups are attached in opposite side of the ring.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:When groups are on one side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomer consist all different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If all groups of the ring are attached on same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If the groups are attached on the same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In cis-isomer the all different groups are situated on the same side of the ring.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomers have the different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

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It is easy to imagine a cyclohexane as a flat hexagon and a lot of the time we draw it that way. Looking at 1,3,5-triethylcyclohexane we cannot tell the stability of the molecule from looking at the flat 2D drawing. Explain why we need to look at the 3D configuration and what conformation (axial,equatorial) would each of the three ethyl groups be in for the most stable configuration.

The skeletal line formula for a branched alkene is shown below. (i) What is the molecular formula of this compound? (ii) How many carbon atoms are in the longest chain, ignoring the double bond? (iii) What is the longest chain incorporating both carbons of the double bond? (iv) How many substituents are on this chain? (v) Give the IUPAC name for this compound. [6]

The energy difference between a tert-butyl group going from equatorial to axial in a cyclohexane is 18.3 kJ/mol. When two of the carbon atoms are replaced with oxygen atoms (molecule B) the energy difference between the two chair conformations drops to 5.9 kJ/mol. Explain this difference. (Hint: Consider what makes putting groups axial unfavorable).

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 31P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: Trans-isomer has opposite attachment of all groups on the ring.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:All groups are situated in one side, it is cis-isomer. Stability is defined in terms of axial interactions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In trans-isomer all groups are attached in opposite side of the ring.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:When groups are on one side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomer consist all different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If all groups of the ring are attached on same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If the groups are attached on the same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In cis-isomer the all different groups are situated on the same side of the ring.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomers have the different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 31P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: Trans-isomer has opposite attachment of all groups on the ring.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:All groups are situated in one side, it is cis-isomer. Stability is defined in terms of axial interactions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In trans-isomer all groups are attached in opposite side of the ring.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:When groups are on one side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomer consist all different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If all groups of the ring are attached on same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If the groups are attached on the same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In cis-isomer the all different groups are situated on the same side of the ring.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomers have the different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 31P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: Trans-isomer has opposite attachment of all groups on the ring.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:All groups are situated in one side, it is cis-isomer. Stability is defined in terms of axial interactions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In trans-isomer all groups are attached in opposite side of the ring.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:When groups are on one side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomer consist all different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If all groups of the ring are attached on same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If the groups are attached on the same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In cis-isomer the all different groups are situated on the same side of the ring.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomers have the different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 31P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: Trans-isomer has opposite attachment of all groups on the ring.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:All groups are situated in one side, it is cis-isomer. Stability is defined in terms of axial interactions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In trans-isomer all groups are attached in opposite side of the ring.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:When groups are on one side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomer consist all different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If all groups of the ring are attached on same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If the groups are attached on the same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In cis-isomer the all different groups are situated on the same side of the ring.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomers have the different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 31P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 31P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: Trans-isomer has opposite attachment of all groups on the ring.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: Trans-isomer has opposite attachment of all groups on the ring.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:All groups are situated in one side, it is cis-isomer. Stability is defined in terms of axial interactions.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:All groups are situated in one side, it is cis-isomer. Stability is defined in terms of axial interactions.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In trans-isomer all groups are attached in opposite side of the ring.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In trans-isomer all groups are attached in opposite side of the ring.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:When groups are on one side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:When groups are on one side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomer consist all different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomer consist all different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If all groups of the ring are attached on same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If all groups of the ring are attached on same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If the groups are attached on the same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If the groups are attached on the same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Answer 22

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In cis-isomer the all different groups are situated on the same side of the ring.

Answer 23

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In cis-isomer the all different groups are situated on the same side of the ring.

Answer 24

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomers have the different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

Answer 25

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomers have the different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

Answer 26

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Answer 37

Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1E Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.3TIY Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.4E Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.6TIY Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.7E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.8E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.10TIY Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.11E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.12E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.14TIY

The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction : If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

Concept explainers

Videos

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: Trans-isomer has opposite attachment of all groups on the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:All groups are situated in one side, it is cis-isomer. Stability is defined in terms of axial interactions.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In trans-isomer all groups are attached in opposite side of the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:When groups are on one side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomer consist all different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If all groups of the ring are attached on same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If the groups are attached on the same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In cis-isomer the all different groups are situated on the same side of the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomers have the different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

Chapter 4 Solutions

The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction : If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

Concept explainers

Videos

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction: If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction: Trans-isomer has opposite attachment of all groups on the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction:All groups are situated in one side, it is cis-isomer. Stability is defined in terms of axial interactions.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction:In trans-isomer all groups are attached in opposite side of the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction:When groups are on one side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction:Trans-isomer consist all different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction:If all groups of the ring are attached on same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction:If the groups are attached on the same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction:In cis-isomer the all different groups are situated on the same side of the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction:Trans-isomers have the different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

Chapter 4 Solutions

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: If the conformer shows the minimum steric hindrance of the substituent and minimum torsional strain then that conformer is in stable form.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: Trans-isomer has opposite attachment of all groups on the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:All groups are situated in one side, it is cis-isomer. Stability is defined in terms of axial interactions.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In trans-isomer all groups are attached in opposite side of the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:When groups are on one side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomer consist all different groups on the opposite side of the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If all groups of the ring are attached on same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:If the groups are attached on the same side then that isomer is cis-isomer.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:In cis-isomer the all different groups are situated on the same side of the ring.

Interpretation: The isomer type needs to be determined and the stable conformation needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:Trans-isomers have the different groups on the opposite side of the ring.