Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 22TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The genes that are responsible for inducing cancer are known as oncogenes. The activity of oncogenes is, however, controlled by tumor suppressor genes. The products of tumor suppressor genes present in the cells prevent uncontrolled cell growth, thereby preventing the transcription of oncogenes.
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Which of the following accurately compares tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?
A. Both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes prevent the spread of cancer by targeting and destroying existing cancer cells.
B. A person who has both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes will always develop cancer.
C. Proto-oncogenes code for growth factors, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division of damaged cells.
D. When a proto-oncogene mutates, it becomes a tumor suppressor gene.
Mutations in the ras gene family induce normal cells to proceed into the replication cycle. This converts the ras gene from a ________ gene to a ________ gene.
a. proto-oncogene; oncogene
b. oncogene; proto-oncogene
c. mutant; oncogene
d. tumor suppressor; proto-oncogene
Hypermethylation is thought to contribute to cancer by
a. inhibiting DNA replication.
b. inhibiting the expression of tumor-suppressor genes.
c. stimulating the translation of oncogenes.
d. stimulating telomerase.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
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- With regard to cancer cells, which of the following are true? A. Cancer cells are clonal, meaning that they are derived from many different cells that all underwent the same clonal mutation. Cells usually accumulate many mutations over time, and this results in cancerous growth. B. Almost all cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses. no Benign tumors are dangerous because they can easily invade surrounding tissue and spread to other locations in the body. DE. Cancer cells are unable to control their division.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about cancer is correct? A. Cancer stem cells can make tumors resistant to chemotherapy. B. Intra-tumoral heterogeneity makes it easier to treat cancer. C. Mutation in p53 is a type of passenger mutation. D. One driver mutation is more than sufficient for the production of a cancer phenotype.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a way in which proto-oncogenes can change to become genes that induce cancer? Group of answer choices a. changes in a control element (enhancer) to increase transcription b. gene amplification c. changes in DNA sequence to produce a product that degrades rapidly d. movement of the gene adjacent to a different control element to increase transcription e. changes in DNA sequence to produce a product that isarrow_forward
- With regard to cancer cells, which of the following statementsare true?A. Cancer cells are clonal, which means they are derived from asingle mutant cell.B. To become cancerous, cells usually accumulate multiplegenetic changes that eventually result in uncontrolledgrowth.C. Most cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses.D. Cancer cells have lost the ability to properly regulate celldivision.arrow_forwardTumor Suppressor Genes are often called as gatekeepers because: a. They signify their involvement in governing the dynamics of cell proliferation b. They allow tumors to proliferate at an uncontrolled rate c. To allow a transport channel of suppressors d. They are not referred to as ?gatekeepers?arrow_forwardWhich of the following associated with cancer development would you expect to be tumor promoters and not genotoxic carcinogens (select all that apply)? A. Excessive alcohol consumption that kills liver cells B. Bisphenol A which mimics the activity of estrogen C. Chemical in pesticides that binds and activates a transcription factor that cause activation of NFkB D. Chemical in cigarette smoke that forms adduct with DNA E. A viral infection that causes ulcerative coilitis of GI tractarrow_forward
- Most forms of cancer involvea. the activation of a single oncogene.b. the inactivation of a single tumor-suppressor gene.c. the activation of multiple oncogenes.d. the activation of multiple oncogenes and the inactivation ofmultiple tumor-suppressor genes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following types of mutations would be advantageous to a cancer cell (select all that apply)? A. An inactivating mutation in a tumor suppressor gene B. Methylation of the promoter of a tumor suppressor gene C. An inactivating mutation in an oncogene D. Mutation that inactivated DNA repair gene E. An inactivating mutation in an oncogenearrow_forwardAn oncogene is produced from a that has acquired a .a. proto-oncogene, loss-of-function mutationb. proto-oncogene, gain-of-function mutationc. tumor-suppressor gene, loss-of-function mutationd. tumor-suppressor gene, gain-of-function mutationarrow_forward
- The p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene. Several years later, researchers showed that both p53 alleles are inactivated in some mouse cancers. This evidence suggests A. the p53 gene is an oncogene because inactivated alleles would produce mutated signal transduction proteins that would result in stimulating cell division. B. the p53 gene is an oncogene because the cell would overproduce transcription factors to compensate for the inactive alleles, resulting in increased cell division. C. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because inactivated alleles indicate a loss of protein function which allowed the cancer to develop D. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because the cell would produce too few transcription factors for gene activation, resulting in decreased cell division.arrow_forwardMatch the gene on the left with the gene category on the right. ERBB2 E-cadherin BRCA1 Cdk4 A. oncogene B. proto-oncogene C. low expression in invasive cells D. tumor suppressor genearrow_forwardWhich of the following steps are correct about multistep tumorigenesis (select all that apply)? A. Mutations in progenitor cells are more likely to develop a neoplastic state compared to mutations in stem cells B. Driver mutations give a cell clone a proliferative advanage C. The rate of mutation /genetic change is constant during tumor progression D. Nutrition/diet may effect rate of tumorigenesis E. All cells within a tumor are biologically equivalent and equally capable of high levels proliferationarrow_forward
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