Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 2IQ
- a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____ pathways. The pathway’s product serves as a(n) _____ to activate the repressor and turn off enzyme synthesis, thus preventing overproduction of the product of the pathway. Genes for repressible enzymes are usually switched _____ and the repressor is synthesized in a(n) _____ form.
- b. Inducible enzymes usually function in _____ pathways. Nutrient molecules serve as _____ to stimulate production of the enzymes necessary for their breakdown. Genes for inducible enzymes are usually switched _____ and the repressor is synthesized in a(n) _____ form.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
E. coli has five genes that code for enzymes that make tryptophan. These genes
are regulated by a single promoter and transcribed as one long gene. The
presence of tryptophan shut down the production of tryptophan by the cell by
binding to the repressor. This changes the repressors shape allowing it to bind to
DNA operator, blocking RNA polymerase and cutting off the production of
tryptophan. a. Describe what would happen to the operon if some of the cells
had a mutation on the repressor, not allowing it to bind with tryptophan. The
repressor is described as an allosteric protein. What does this mean? b. Does the
tryptophan model demonstrate an inducible or repressible operon? What is your
evidence?*
a. What is the function of operons in bacterial gene regulation?
b. Describe how a bacterial operon can be regulated by repressible proteins (such as the tryptophan operon). Include in your description both the “on” and “off” states of the operon. Key elements of your diagram should include: Co-repressor, Genes, mRNA, Operator, Operon, Promoter, Repressor, RNA polymerase.
. In the tryptophan operon of E. coli, what happens when tryptophan levels get too high?
tryptophan is removed from its co-repressor, causing it to detach from the operator
tryptophan is removed from its co-repressor, causing it to attach to the operator
tryptophan is bound to its co-repressor, causing it to detach from the operator
tryptophan is bound to its co-repressor, causing it to attach to the operator
all of the above occur at equal rates when tryptophan levels get too high
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
A student moving out of a dormitory crouches in correct fashion to lift a heavy box of books. What prime movers...
HUMAN ANATOMY
On what molecule does the anticodon appear? Explain the role of this molecule in protein synthesis.
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (7th Edition)
Problem Set
True or False? Indicate whether each of the following statements about membrane transport is true (...
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
11. In the early 1800s, French naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck suggested that the best explanation for the rel...
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- a. How do bacteria increase the efficiency of gene expression? Is this possible in eukaryotes? b. A mutation in the promoter of Gene K disrupts an enzyme binding site and results in the loss of Gene K expression. Is this change in gene expression likely happening at the transcriptional or the translational level? Explain. c. Propose three different mutations to prevent initiation, elongation, and termination of bacterial transcription, respectively. Explain how/why each mutation would prevent its respective step. (Hint: mutations can be in genes that encode proteins or regulatory DNA sequences)arrow_forwardTranscriptional repressor proteins (e.g., lac repressor), antisense RNA, and feedback inhibition are three different mechanisms that turn off the expression of genes and gene products. Which of these three mechanisms will be most effective in each of the following situations? A. Shutting down the synthesis of a polypeptide B. Shutting down the synthesis of mRNA C. Shutting off the function of a protein For your answers to parts A–C that list more than one mechanism, which mechanism will be the fastest or the most efficient?arrow_forwardCancer cells were characterized for their high transcriptional and translational levels. Direct modification for the gene of interests during transcription could be complicated and troublesome. Moreover, simply knocked down a certain gene could stimulate other compensating pathways. Fortunately, there are many controls for gene transcription. Modifying on these controls mechanisms could be easier and more effective compared to changing the gene of interests directly. If you are working in a biotech company, please suggest three possible sites/targets to modify in order to decrease a certain gene transcriptional level in cancer cell.arrow_forward
- A. A mutation is recovered in the gene that encodes the lactose operon repressor protein (LacI). Which of the following lac phenotypes would lead to the conclusion that the mutation causes an inability of the repressor to bind lactose? The lac structural genes would never be expressed. The lac structural genes would be expressed continuously. The lac structural genes would be expressed efficiently only in the absence of lactose. The lac structural genes would be expressed efficiently only in the presence of lactose. B. A mutation is recovered in the gene that encodes the lactose operon repressor protein (LacI). Which of the following lac phenotypes would lead to the conclusion that the mutation causes an inability of the repressor to bind Operator DNA? The lac genes would be expressed efficiently only in the presence of lactose. The lac genes would be expressed efficiently only in the absence of lactose. The lac genes would never be expressed. The lac genes would be…arrow_forwardd. give an example of an operon that is under negative control e. repressor f. give an example of a repressor molecule g. activator h. give an example of an activatorarrow_forwardExamine the table below for the pathway with precursors / products A, B, C, D, and E and mutant enzymes 1, 2, 3, and 4. Use the information given to draw the pathway. (+ indicates growth, 0 indicates no growth) A B C D E 1 + 0 0 0 + 2 + + 0 0 + 3 + + 0 + + 4 0 0 0 0 + Later a new mutation (5) is found that fails to complement mutant 2. Between what two compounds on the pathway is this new mutant located?arrow_forward
- You are growing E. coli in a laboratory in order to study their operons. The growth media you are using contains lactose, no glucose and no tryptophan. Using your knowledge of operons and their regulation a.Which operons would be functional under these conditions? b.What repressors would be made? (NOTE: name the repressors using their gene names) c.Which repressor(s) would be made in the inactive form? d.Which repressor(s) would be made in the active form? e.Which repressor(s) under these conditions can bind the operator sequence? f.Which repressor(s)under these conditions cannot bind the operator sequence?arrow_forwardGive one example of a prokaryotic system of gene expression that is more complicated (duringtranscription at the promoter) than its corresponding eukaryotic system of gene expression.A. prokaryotes require general transcription factors to initiate transcriptionB. prokaryotes typically have activator and repressor DNA sequences thousands of nucleotides awayC. prokaryotes have three classes of RNA polymerasesD. prokaryotes always have their DNA tightly packed into higher-level structures than nucleosomesE. prokaryotes usually have polycistronic mRNAarrow_forwardA mutation in the operator region of the trp operon can prevent the trp repressor from binding to this operator. When these mutant cells are placed in a solution containing chicken broth, which of the following happens? a. Tryptophan would bind to the repressor. b. The Repressor would bind to the operator irrespective of the presence of amino acids in the environment. c. The transcription of the trip operon would be inhibited. d. The transcription of the repressor protein is inhibitedarrow_forward
- there is the statement: "Both stem cells and specialized cells have all the same genes. They differ in the regulation of those genes and express very different sets of genes ". Which one of the following explanations best accounts for this difference in stem cell and specialized cell gene expression? A. Stem cells and specialized cells have different activators and repressors that affect transcription B. Stem cells and specialized cells have different promoter sequences for their genes, thus affecting transcription C. Stem cells and specialized cells have different ribosomes that affect translation D. Stem cells and specialized cells use different start codons on mRNAs, thus affecting translationarrow_forwardThe lac operon of E. coli controls the expression of genes that code for enzymes involved in lactose metabolism. Mutations to various regions of the lac operon have been discovered which affect both the control of gene expression and the function of the gene products. These mutations include: I - = produces a repressor protein that cannot bind to the operator region IS = produces a repressor protein that cannot be removed from the operator region OC = cannot bind a repressor protein Z - = produces a defective (non-functioning) β-galactosidase enzyme + = wild type Detail the functionality of the lac operon under the following genetic and cellular conditions. You do not need to consider the role of CAP in your analysis. Genes Repressed (yes/no) Constitutive (yes/no) I+ OC Z+ I+ O+ Z+ (Lactose present) I- O+ Z+arrow_forwardThe lac operon of E. coli controls the expression of genes that code for enzymes involved in lactose metabolism. Mutations to various regions of the lac operon have been discovered which affect both the control of gene expression and the function of the gene products. These mutations include: I - = produces a repressor protein that cannot bind to the operator region IS = produces a repressor protein that cannot be removed from the operator region OC = cannot bind a repressor protein Z - = produces a defective (non-functioning) β-galactosidase enzyme + = wild type Detail the functionality of the lac operon under the following genetic and cellular conditions. You do not need to consider the role of CAP in your analysis. Genes Repressed (yes/no) Constitutive (yes/no) IS O+ Z+ IS OC Z+arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY