Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 16TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Pattern formation can simply be defined as “Setting up of body plan.” It is an important step in developmental process during which the orientation and structure of cells are spatially determined.
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How does gene activation lead to cell differentiation? Explain the correct answer and explain why the others are wrong.
A. Different genes are activated in different cells, causing each cell to have a unique funcation
B. The same genes are actives in every cell of your body, causing every cell to function the same
C. Certain cells only have parts of DNA that causes cell deferentiation
D. Unique genes are in different cells, causing each cell to have a unique function
In animal cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by a contractile ring containing actin. The related process in bacteria is
a. chromosome segregation, which also appears to use an actinlike protein.
b. septation via a ring of FtsZ protein, which is an actinlike protein.
c. cytokinesis, which requires formation of a cell plate via vesicular fusion.
d. septation via a ring of FtsZ protein, which is a tubulin-like protein.
Which of the following are stages in the cytokinesis of animal cells? Select all that apply.
A) The cell plate expands along the plane of division, and when the plate fuses with the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm is partitioned into two new cells.
B)After telophase, the contractile ring constricts the plasma membrane and forms a cleavage furrow.
C)The contractile ring reaches its smallest diameter, and the spindle microtubules are cut as vesicles form the new membranes that separate the two new cells.
D)A contractile ring of microfilaments and motor proteins forms under the plasma membrane during anaphase.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
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- Which of the following are stages in the cytokinesis of animal cells? Select all that apply. A) The cell plate expands along the plane of division, and when the plate fuses with the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm is partitioned into two new cells. B) After telophase, the contractile ring constricts the plasma membrane and forms a cleavage furrow. C) The contractile ring reaches its smallest diameter, and the spindle microtubules are cut as vesicles form the new membranes that separate the two new cells. D) A contractile ring of microfilaments and motor proteins forms under the plasma membrane during anaphase.Assessment questionarrow_forwardI am confused about how stem cell transplants works. If you put a semi differentiated tadpole nucleus in a denucleated egg cell, it’ll develop into a fully formed tadpole, but if you put a fully differentiated tadpole nucleus, it won’t (because the genes have already been expressed in a way where the cytoplasmic determinants cannot operate to the fullest). Then how come in stem cell transplants, you use adult nucleuses that are already developed and transplant them into the denucleated egg cells?arrow_forward1.) What is one type of cell that CANNOT arise from the differentiation of a mesenchymal stem cell? A. A neuron B. A muscle cell C. An egg cell D. A bone cell 2. there is the statement: "Both stem cells and specialized cells have all the same genes. They differ in the regulation of those genes and express very different sets of genes ". Which one of the following explanations best accounts for this difference in stem cell and specialized cell gene expression? A. Stem cells and specialized cells have different activators and repressors that affect transcription B. Stem cells and specialized cells have different promoter sequences for their genes, thus affecting transcription C. Stem cells and specialized cells have different ribosomes that affect translation D. Stem cells and specialized cells use different start codons on mRNAs, thus affecting translationarrow_forward
- discuss briefly the concepts of: Cell differentiation Morphogenesis Pattern formation Also, cite examples to illustrate this concept.arrow_forwardWhich of the following defines fate? A. process of which a potency of a cell becomes identical. B. sum of all structures a determined cell's descendants will form at later stage of development. C. A variety of structures that the descendants of a cells can potentially form. D. a shift in the cortical cytoplasm of a zygote E. none of the abovearrow_forwardA typical egg cell of a female primate contains 23 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a typical skin cell of a female primate contain? A) 12 chromosomes B) 23 chromosomes C) 46 chromosomes D) 92 chromosomes The karyotype shown would belong to A. Normal human male B. Normal human female C. Male with a chromosomal abnormality D. Female with a chromosomal abnormality 11 12arrow_forward
- In multicellular organisms, nondividing cells stay in G0 phase. For the cell, why is it better to be held in G₁ rather than S, G₂ or M phase? A. G₁ cells are larger and more likely to perform the normal functions of the cell. B. G₁ cells have not replicated their DNA in preparation for division. C. G₁ cells are the only ones that do not have their chromatin in a highly condensed state. D. MPF is required to enter S phase, so the cell is committed to entering M phase if the cycle moves beyond G₁. How many does the chromosome number of the species A. Is equal to the diploid chromosome number. B. Refers to the chromosome number of the somatic cell. C. Is a constant number for the organisms of the species generation after generations. D. All of the above. Which statement about the daughter cells following mitosis and cytokinesis is correct? A. They are genetically different from each other and from the parent cell. B. They are genetically identical with each other and with the parent…arrow_forwardA researcher performs a tissue transplant experiment with an early Drosophila embryo. The researcher observes that transplanting tissue from the area of the embryo that normally becomes the head of the fly to the bottom part of an embryo does not alter the embryological development of that organism. What to conclude from that observation? This observation remains to be explained. The embryo does not produce sufficient survival factors to maintain the transplanted cells. The cell fate of the transplanted cells had not yet been determined. O The transplanted cells all activate the apoptosis response, and thus do not affect the developmental program.arrow_forwardCell differentiation occurs through _______________, whereas morphogenesis involves _______________. (a) pattern formation; cell determination (b) cell division; cell expansion (c) cell expansion; pattern formation (d) cell determination; cell division (e) cell determination; pattern formationarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements correctly identifies the difference between plant and animal cell division? Select one: a. The cell walls of plants prevent the process of cytokinesis. b. Plants cells lack centrioles, and they form a cell plate during cytokinesis. c. Both plant and animal cells undergo mitosis and cytokinesis, but they lack the interphase. d. Plant cells lack centromeres, and they form a cell wall to produce two daughter cells.arrow_forwardSignal transduction pathways are important mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication in multicellular organisms. How do the target cells typically respond when they receive signals from neighboring cells during very early stages of embryo development? A. The target cells move to one of the poles to establish the anterior-posterior body axis. B. The target cells undergo changes in gene expression, sending them down a specific developmental path. C. The target cells stop dividing so the neighboring cells have time to get to the same stage of development. D. The target cells activate a collection of miRNAs to accelerate transcription and cell division.arrow_forwardCleavage furrow formed during cytokinesis is found in? A-both in animal and plants B- neither in animal nor in plant cells C- plant cells D- animal cellsarrow_forward
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