Match the gene on the left with the gene category on the right.                                                             ERBB2                                                             E-cadherin                                                             BRCA1                                                             Cdk4 A. oncogene B. proto-oncogene C. low expression in invasive cells D. tumor suppressor gene

When the antigen-presenting cells binds to the T-cell, it will cause the T-cell to increase the amount of a protein called perforin, which is secreted to kill nearby cells. Which of these could INCREASE the amount of a functional perforin proteins produced?       a.   Increased methylation of DNA near the site of the gene       b.   Increased binding of a repressor, that decreases the binding affinity between TFIID and DNA       c.   Increased production of a small RNA that is complementary to perforin mRNA       d.   Increased O-linked glycoslyation of perforin proteins in the Golgi

Which of the following statements concerning p53 is NOT correct? O a. p53-dependent transcription of target genes leads to cell cycle arrest or cell death (apoptosis). O b. O C. Loss of p53 function results in loss of checkpoint controls. Loss of p53 function creates an environment that is permissive for genome instability--that is, more damaged cells with chromosome aberrations and mutations survive and propagate. d. p53 is a tumor suppressor protein which is largely responsible for protecting cells from cancer- causing DNA-damaging agents.

Compare and contrast oncogenes and supressor genes. Give an example of a gene of each kind and a cancer type associated with mutations in said gene.

A patient comes into your clinic exhibiting generic cancer symptoms. In order to help form a diagnosis, you ask about patient history and they tell you that they worked for years in an agricultural job, primarily in handling food for large bovine animals and then later working with insect pesticide treatment of grain fields. You decide to test for elevated levels of the environmental agent(s) in their body and focus your cancer diagnosis on based on the established associations of epigentic effects and cancer. O nickel and cadmium; stomach and skin cancer O benzene; breast, prostate and thyroid cancer O polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene; lung, breast, stomach and skin cancer O arsenic and endocrine disruptors; skin, bladder, liver and kidney cancer

Most forms of cancer involvea. the activation of a single oncogene.b. the inactivation of a single tumor-suppressor gene.c. the activation of multiple oncogenes.d. the activation of multiple oncogenes and the inactivation ofmultiple tumor-suppressor genes.

Cells in a tumor contain mutated copies of a particular gene that promotes tumor growth. Gene therapy can be used to introduce a normal copy of this gene into the tumor cells. Would you expect this therapy to be effective if the mutated gene were an oncogene? A tumor-suppressor gene? Explain your reasoning.

An oncogene is produced from a                   that has acquired a                      .a. proto-oncogene, loss-of-function mutationb. proto-oncogene, gain-of-function mutationc. tumor-suppressor gene, loss-of-function mutationd. tumor-suppressor gene, gain-of-function mutation

On the image, you can see the results of a DNA microarray used for cancer prognosis, where tissue samples from healthy and cancerous tissues were analyzed. cDNA from healthy cells and cancer cells were labeled with green and red fluorescence, respectively, mixed equally, and hybridized with the chip. It is known that gene A is more highly expressed in breast cancer type I, while genes B and C have lower expression in type II, which is highly aggressive. Based on the gene expression levels shown in the image, the cancer sample does not correspond to either type I or type II breast cancer, why is that?

Please answer subquestions 1.a and 1.b   Question 1.a: A mutation in MAPK makes it constitutively active. If cells are treated with the control treatment (no EGF)                             will be observed. When cells are treated with EGF                            will be observed. A. No proliferation; proliferation B. Proliferation; proliferation C. No proliferation; no proliferation D. Proliferation; no proliferation   Question 1.b: In order to prevent a specific event (step),  from occurring in a pathway (e.g, the phosphorylation of MAPKK), you should target the                             portion of the cascade with an inhibitor. A. Downstream B. Extracellular C. Nuclear D. Upstream