Match the gene on the left with the gene category on the right.                                                             ERBB2                                                             E-cadherin                                                             BRCA1                                                             Cdk4 A. oncogene B. proto-oncogene C. low expression in invasive cells D. tumor suppressor gene

Which of the following statements concerning p53 is NOT correct? O a. p53-dependent transcription of target genes leads to cell cycle arrest or cell death (apoptosis). O b. O C. Loss of p53 function results in loss of checkpoint controls. Loss of p53 function creates an environment that is permissive for genome instability--that is, more damaged cells with chromosome aberrations and mutations survive and propagate. d. p53 is a tumor suppressor protein which is largely responsible for protecting cells from cancer- causing DNA-damaging agents.

Please answer subquestions 1.a and 1.b   Question 1.a: A mutation in MAPK makes it constitutively active. If cells are treated with the control treatment (no EGF)                             will be observed. When cells are treated with EGF                            will be observed. A. No proliferation; proliferation B. Proliferation; proliferation C. No proliferation; no proliferation D. Proliferation; no proliferation   Question 1.b: In order to prevent a specific event (step),  from occurring in a pathway (e.g, the phosphorylation of MAPKK), you should target the                             portion of the cascade with an inhibitor. A. Downstream B. Extracellular C. Nuclear D. Upstream

There are three broad categories of cancer-related genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair/stability genes. Distinguish between these three groups, then indicate which you think RB1 belongs to.

A mutated gene that transforms a normal cell into a tumor cell is called a   a. oncogene.   b. neoplasm.   c. carcinoma.   d. checkpoint gene.   e. proto-oncogene.

Which of the following types of mutations would be advantageous to a cancer cell (select all that apply)?   A. An inactivating mutation in a tumor suppressor gene   B. Methylation of the promoter of a tumor suppressor gene   C. An inactivating mutation in an oncogene   D. Mutation that inactivated DNA repair gene   E. An inactivating mutation in an oncogene

Ras is a proto-oncogene that is within the EGF pathway. The EGF receptor can activate the cell division pathway only when the EGF ligand binds to the receptor. A gain of function mutation occurs in only one copy of the Ras gene. What are all the possible consequences of this? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices The cell will undergo constant cell division The cell will still be normal as only one copy of Ras is mutated. Both copies must be mutated for the cell to undergo constant cell division There will be an increase of EGF ligands present in the cell The EGF receptor will always be active even with no EGF ligands bound and activate the pathway Ras will always be active and activate the proteins downstream that will turn on cell division Ras will be under the influence of the EGF receptor and will only activate if the EGF ligand is bound to the receptor

Cancer cells may be more susceptible than normal cells to mitotic catastrophe in response to chemotherapeutic drugs because of which of the following (select all that apply)?   A. They express unique receptors for those drugs on their surface   B. They may be resistant to apoptosis   C. Cancer cells have more efficient DNA repair mechanism than normal cells.   D. Only cancer cells are actively dividing   E. They may lack key G2/M checkpoint controls

L A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 5 Select the correct statements 0 An oncogene is a cancer producing gene A proto-oncogene is only found in cancer cells Tumor suppressor genes are genes whose normal products inhibit cell division A proto-oncogene is a normal cellular gene that has the potential to become an oncogene A Moving to another question will save this response.

Which of the following describes the role typical proto-oncogenes have when they are expressed in cells that are not cancerous