Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 12TYK
Which of the following statements explains why a larger portion of the DNA in a human cell is transcribed than would be predicted by the 1.5% of the genome that is protein-coding DNA?
- a. Multiple enhancer regions are being transcribed to amplify the transcription of proteincoding genes.
- b. Much of this non-protein-coding RNA functions to regulate the translation or degradation of mRNAs.
- c. Many of these transcriptions produce miRNAs and siRNAs that regulate the transcription of other genes.
- d. The additional DNA that is transcribed represents introns that are excised from the primary transcript in the production of mRNA.
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Students have asked these similar questions
1)A. how do you read a sequence of DNA (template or non-template strand) to convert it
an mRNA sequence and to a protein?
B.How does chromatin remodeling regulate gene transcription?
C. What are the major differences between gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes
D. How are non-coding regions involved in gene transcription?
E. Explain how eukaryotic genes sometimes produce multiple protein products?
What are two reasons that a eukaryotic gene (e.g. Green Fluorescent Protein in jellyfish) will not be expressed if it is inserted into a bacterial genome with no alterations?
a. Bacterial genes do not contain introns
b. Bacterial promoters have different consensus sequences than eukaryotic ones
c. Transcription of this gene is affected by the simultaneous processes of transcription and translation
d.
Why is regulating transcription the main way that cells control gene expression?
A.
Because transcription is the last step in gene expression, stopping here ensures that the cell has a stockpile of proteins to prepare them from all unexpected environmental changes.
B.
Because transcription involves interactions with DNA, preventing transcription reduces the changes of mutation in the cell’s genome.
C.
Because transcription is the first step in gene expression, stopping at transcription reduces the amount of energy and resources used by producing unnecessary gene products.
D.
Because transcription is the shortest step in gene expression, preventing transcription has little effect on the rate of protein production.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
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- Which statement/s is/are TRUE about transcription?A. During transcription, DNA polymerase binds to RNA and separates the DNA strands.B. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA.C. RNA polymerase binds only to DNA promoters, which have specific base sequences.D. Promoters are signals in RNA that indicate to RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.E. Transcription occurs in the 3’ to 5’ direction with respect to the growing mRNA strand.arrow_forwardArrange the statements in their proper order by writing the corresponding letter (e.g. A) for each statement in the space provided below. A. The single-stranded RNA would complement the target RNA. B. Gene expression is inactivated once the mRNA is no longer accessible for translation. C. The risk-induced silencing complex which is composed of RNA and protein subunits is formed. D. Double-stranded, non-coding RNA is cleaved by Dicer. E. The mRNA can be cleaved or remain bound by the RISC. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.arrow_forwardTranscriptional repressor proteins (e.g., lac repressor), antisense RNA, and feedback inhibition are three different mechanisms that turn off the expression of genes and gene products. Which of these three mechanisms will be most effective in each of the following situations? A. Shutting down the synthesis of a polypeptide B. Shutting down the synthesis of mRNA C. Shutting off the function of a protein For your answers to parts A–C that list more than one mechanism, which mechanism will be the fastest or the most efficient?arrow_forward
- there is the statement: "Both stem cells and specialized cells have all the same genes. They differ in the regulation of those genes and express very different sets of genes ". Which one of the following explanations best accounts for this difference in stem cell and specialized cell gene expression? A. Stem cells and specialized cells have different activators and repressors that affect transcription B. Stem cells and specialized cells have different promoter sequences for their genes, thus affecting transcription C. Stem cells and specialized cells have different ribosomes that affect translation D. Stem cells and specialized cells use different start codons on mRNAs, thus affecting translationarrow_forwardHow does reverse methylation affect gene expression? Select one: o a. The gene is turned off, but still expresses a protein product. b. The gene becomes transcriptionally silent. c. There is no effect on the gene. d. The gene is hyperactive resulting in a gain of function. e. The gene expresses the wrong protein. Clear my choice How do microRNAs regulate epigenetic mechanisms during development? Select one: o a. MicroRNAs function as gene repressors b. You only find microRNAS in epigenetic and cancer cells c. MicroRNAs function as gene activators d. MicroRNAS regulate methylation on the DNA sequences of embryos e. Researchers find that when microRNAs are present the effects of epigenetic modifications are 50% greater Clear my choicearrow_forwardFor each statement about gene expression mechanisms, choose the correct end to the sentence. For each gene, the template strand for transcription is determined by…. The direction of translation is determined by…… The tissue-specificity of protein production is determined by…. choices: a. location of the start codon b. location of the promoter c. direction of polymerization by RNA polymerase d. none of these e. direction of movement of ribosomes f. overall orientation of the chromosomearrow_forward
- Why might a single base-pair mutation in eukaryotic mRNA be less serious than one in prokaryotic mRNA? a. If the mutation occurs in the 5' end of the start site, it will not affect the gene product. b. If the mutation occurs in the exon, it will not affect the gene product. c. If the mutation occurs in the splice site of a transcript with alternative splicing, only one gene product may affected. O d. If the mutation occurs in the intron or not in the splice site of a transcript with alternative splicing, it will nc affect the gene product. O e. If the mutation occurs in the 3' end of the start site, it will not affect the gene product. OLIE STIC N 1Aarrow_forwardWhat is the mechanism by which an RNA transcript can be used to silence expression of the same gene? a. What is the name of this mechanism? b. Briefly describe the steps of the process and the two possible fates for the silenced RNA transcript? c. Predict how a transversion in the miRNA sequence would affect this process.arrow_forwardThe insertion of transposable elements into genes can alter the normal pattern of expression. In the following situations, describe the possible consequences on gene expression.a. A LINE inserts into an enhancer of a human gene. b. A transposable element contains a binding site for a transcriptional repressor and inserts adjacent to a promoter. c. An Alu element inserts into the 3′ splice (AG) site of an intron in a human gene. d. A Ds element that was inserted into the exon of a maize gene excises imperfectly and leaves three base pairs behind in the exon. e. Another excision by that same Ds element leaves two base pairs behind in the exon. f. A Ds element that was inserted into the middle of an intron excises imperfectly and leaves five base pairs behind in the intron.arrow_forward
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