Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A human genome project was aimed at determining the
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Why can the transcriptome not be used to predict the proteome with complete accuracy?
a. It cannot be sequenced like the genome can be.
b. The transcriptome is too dynamic to be used to make predictions.
c. Not all genes are transcribed.
d. Many transcripts are alternatively spliced to produce different proteins.
What did the Hershey / Chase experiments (above) demonstrate about the molecules responsible for genetic inheritance patterns in the T2 bacteriophage?
A. the genetic material consists of carbohydrates, not RNA
B. the genetic material consists of protein, not lipids
C. the genetic material consists of DNA, not polypeptides D. the genetic material consists of protein, not DNA
E. the genetic material consists of lipids, not polypeptides
1a) Why is it possible for you to study the eye colour gene by extracting cheek cells?
a. Because the nucleus of every cell in the human body contains the same genetic information.
b. Because the cheek cells are located near the cells of the eye and so they are able to exchange DNA.
c. Because all genes in the human body are expressed at all times so it is easy to study them.
d. All of the above are possible explanations.
1b) What is the purpose of heating the sample to 75°C following addition of the 0.2M NaOH solution?
a. To denature the histone proteins that are keeping the DNA tightly coiled.
b. To ensure that all the DNA is removed from the swab in preparation for PCR.
c. To breakdown the cheek cell membrane to release the DNA from the cell.
d. It breaks down the circular DNA down into linear fragments so that they will be easier to visualize.i
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
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- What observations are consistent with the conclusion that DNA serves as the genetic material in eukaryotes? Select the four correct statements. a. DNA content and ploidy in various cell types( sperm and somatic cells) are related b. DNA is found to be the only macromolecule in eukaryotes that has different subunits. c. Gene transfer is a direct evidence as it has been facilitated by recombinant DNA techniques. d. The correlation of the action and absorption spectra of ultraviolet light support the interpretation that DNA is a genetic material. e. DNA is shown to be present in ribosomes, matrix, and nucleus, where genetic function is performed. f. DNA is shown to be present in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nucleus, where genetic function is performed.arrow_forwardThe human mitochondrial genomes code for 37 genes but mitochondria produce only 13 proteins. What would most likely account for mitochondrial genomes having more genes than needed to code for the proteins produced? A. Several genes have been inactivated over evolutionary time and no longer code for proteins. B. Several genes are coded on both the top and bottom strands of DNA. Therefore, they code for the same proteins. C. Several genes code for products that are not translated. D. Several genes, and the proteins they code for, are of viral origin. They are not human mitochondrial genes.arrow_forwardWhat are the most highly-conserved regions of human DNA (when compared to similar DNA sequences in closely-related animals)? A. transposons B. non-transcribed spacers C. introns D. pseudogenes E. exonsarrow_forward
- Why are fruit flies considered a model genetic organism? Would humans fit this description?arrow_forwardThe original DNA base sequence is 5’-AGCGTTACCGT-3’; a mutation in the DNA strand results in the base sequence 5’-AGGCGTTACCGT-3’. What can you conclude about the mutation? A. It is a frameshift mutation. B. It is a silent mutation. C. It is a deleterious mutation. D. It may result in a single amino acid change in the protein being coded for by this base sequence.arrow_forwardCould a frameshift mutation result in the production of a larger than wild type protein? A.Yes, but it’s likely only if the frameshift occurs early in the coding sequence. B.Yes, but it’s likely only if the frameshift occurs late in the coding sequence. C.Yes, by producing a longer than normal transcript D.Yes, by producing larger than normal Okazaki fragments. E.No, frameshift always results in the occurrence of STOP codons and premature termination of translationarrow_forward
- All the cells of one organisms share the genome. However, during development, some cells develop into skin cells while others develop into muscle cells. How can the same genetic instructions result in two different cell types in the same organism? Thoroughly explain your answer.arrow_forwardOver several years, researchers learned more about proteins and the genes which code for them, the findings of which lead them to revise the original one gene-one enzyme hypothesis. Which of the following is NOT one of the findings which led to revision? a. many genes code can code for RNA molecules which never go on to produce a protein at all b. oftentimes, many genes are required to produce a single protein, where one gene produces one polypeptide and many polypeptides together make the single protein c. in addition to enzymes, gene products also include non-enzyme proteins like keratin and insulin d. a single gene produces one specific enzyme e. a single gene may code for multiple different (closely related) polypeptidesarrow_forwardIn comparison to experimental results from the genetic manipulation of an invertebrate model, what pathologic outcome(s) would suggest that multiple homologs of a disease gene are present in humans? a. Missing the essential gene homolog that is lethal in fruit flies is also lethal in human infants. b. Different homologs of the essential gene are each expressed in different human organs, and mutations in these duplicated genes cause organ-specific diseases. c. Different homologs of the essential gene are each expressed in different stages of early child development, and mutations in each of these duplicated genes cause different diseases. d. In humans, defects in different homologs of the essential gene cause different loss-of-function diseases due to subfunctionalization. e. The essential gene is lethal in fruit flies, but there is no disease phenotype exhibited in people.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements below is incorrect? * A. the genetic code is overlapping B. the genetic code is universal C. degenerate codon specify the same amino acids D. the genetic code is triplet Which protein can break covalent bond? * A. Helicase B. Primase C. SSB D. DNA gyrase What is the complementary hnRNA base sequence produced from the DNA base sequence 5' C-T-A-T-A-C 3'? * A. 3' C-A-T-A-T-C 5' B. 3' G-A-T-A-T-G 5' C. 3' G-A-U-A- U-G 5' D. 3' C-U-A-U-A-G 5' Which of the following statements concerning the " cloverleaf" shape of tRNA molecules is correct? * A. four hairpin loops are present B. three hairpin loops and one open end are present C. two hairpin loops and two open ends are present…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about genes is incorrect? Select one: O a. During fertilization, both the sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilized egg. b. Genetic differences can result from changes in the DNA called mutations. O c. Genes correspond to segments of DNA. d. Under normal circumstances, each chromosome contains precisely one gene. e. Many genes contain the information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins.arrow_forward1.B Which of the following processes takes place in the cytoplasm? - DNA replication - transcription -intron removal -translation -primary mRNA splicing 1.C For a DNA strand that is two nucleotides long, how many different sequences are possible? -2 -4 -8 -16 -64 1.D Which of the following is mismatched? A)physical expression of a trait - phenotype B)allele that masks the expression of an alternate allele - dominant C)identical alleles - heterozygous D)allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele recessive E)the specific alleles that an individual has - genotypearrow_forward
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