Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 16P
The sequence of a segment of mRNA, beginning with the initiation codon, is given here, along with the corresponding sequences from several mutant strains.
Normal AUGACACAUCGAGGGGUGGUAAACCCUAAG...
Mutant 1 AUGACACAUCCAGGGGUGGUAAACCCUAAG...
Mutant 2 AUGACACAUCGAGGGUGGUAAACCCUAAG...
Mutant 3 AUGACGCAUCGAGGGGUGGUAAACCCUAAG...
Mutant 4 AUGACACAUCGAGGGGUUGGUAAACCCUAAG...
Mutant 5 AUGACACAUUGAGGGGUGGUAAACCCUAAG...
Mutant 6 AUGACAUUUACCACCCCUCGAUGCCCUAAG...
| a. | Indicate the type of mutation present in each, and translate the mutated portion of the sequence into an amino acid sequence in each case. |
| b. | Which of the mutations could be reverted by treatment with EMS (ethylmethane sulfonate; see Fig. 7.14)? With proflavin? |
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Students have asked these similar questions
The sequence of a segment of mRNA, beginning withthe initiation codon, is given here, along with the corresponding sequences from several mutant strains.Normal AUGACACAUCGAGGGGUGGUAAACCCUAAG...Mutant 1 AUGACACAUCCAGGGGUGGUAAACCCUAAG...Mutant 2 AUGACACAUCGAGGGUGGUAAACCCUAAG...Mutant 3 AUGACGCAUCGAGGGGUGGUAAACCCUAAG...Mutant 4 AUGACACAUCGAGGGGUUGGUAAACCCUAAG...Mutant 5 AUGACACAUUGAGGGGUGGUAAACCCUAAG...Mutant 6 AUGACAUUUACCACCCCUCGAUGCCCUAAG...a. Indicate the type of mutation present in each, andtranslate the mutated portion of the sequence intoan amino acid sequence in each case
c) A gene in a bacteria has the following DNA sequences (the promoter sequence is
positioned to the left but is not shown):
5'-CAATCATGGAATGCCATGCTTCATATGAATAGTTGACAT-3'
3'-GTTAGTACCT TACGGTACGAAGTATACTTATCAACTGTA-5'
i) By referring to the codon table below, write the corresponding mRNA transcript and
polypeptide translated from this DNA strand.
2
Second letter
с
A
UUUPhe
UAU
Tyr
UAC.
UGU
UGCJ
UCU)
UCC
UCA
UUG Leu UCG
Cys
UUC
UUA
Ser
UAA Stop UGA Stop A
UAG Stop UGG Trp G
CUU
CÚC
CCU
ССС
CAU
CGU
His
САC
Pro
CC
CỦA
Leu
ССА
CAA
Arg
CGA
CUG J
CCG)
CAG Gin
CGG
AUU
ACU
AAU
Asn
AGU
Ser
AUC le
АСC
АCА
AAC
AAA
AGC.
Thr
JArg
AUA
AGA
AUG Met ACG
AAG Lys
AGG.
GAU
Asp
GUU)
GCU
GCC
GCA
GCG
GGU"
GGC
GGA
GGG
GUC
Val
GUA
GAC
Ala
Gly
GAA
Glu
GAGJ
GUG
ii) If the nucleotide indicated by the highlighted bold letter undergoes a mutation that
resulted in deletion of the C:G base pair, what will be the resulting amino acid sequence
following transcription and translation?
Third letter
DUAG
DUAG
DUAG
A.
First…
Consider a stretch of DNA (a hypothetical gene) that has the sequence 5’ ATG-CTA-TCA-TGG-TTC-TAA 3’
A) Transcribe and translate this gene using the genetic code table. Be sure to label the mRNA 3’ and 5’ ends. Write the amino acid sequence using 1 letter abbreviations.
B) Now, our hypothetical gene has undergone a mutation. The mutant sequence is....3’ TAC-GAT-AGT-ACC-AAT-ATT 5’5’ ATG-CTA-TCA-TGG-TTA-TAA 3’
Transcribe and translate the mutant sequence. Be sure to label the mRNA 3’ and 5’ ends. Write the amino acid sequence using 1 letter abbreviations.
C) Indicate the type of mutation (nonsense, missense, silent, or frame shift) present.
D) How severe of a consequence will this mutation likely be in terms of protein function (none, mild, moderate or severe)? Why?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 8 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 8 - Match the hypothesis from the left column to the...Ch. 8 - How would the artificial mRNA 5GUGUGUGU . . . 3 be...Ch. 8 - An example of a portion of the T4 rIIB gene in...Ch. 8 - Consider Crick and Brenners experiments in Fig....Ch. 8 - The HbSsickle-cell allele of the human -globin...Ch. 8 - The following diagram describes the mRNA sequence...Ch. 8 - The amino acid sequence of part of a protein has...Ch. 8 - The results shown in Fig. 8.5 may have struck you...Ch. 8 - Identify all the amino acid-specifying codons in...
Ch. 8 - Before the technology existed to synthesize RNA...Ch. 8 - A particular protein has the amino acid sequence...Ch. 8 - How many possible open reading frames frames...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14PCh. 8 - Charles Yanofsky isolated many different trpA-...Ch. 8 - The sequence of a segment of mRNA, beginning with...Ch. 8 - You identify a proflavin-generated allele of a...Ch. 8 - Using recombinant DNA techniques which will be...Ch. 8 - Describe the steps in transcription that require...Ch. 8 - Chapters 6 and 7 explained that mistakes made by...Ch. 8 - The coding sequence for gene F is read from left...Ch. 8 - If you mixed the mRNA of a human gene with the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23PCh. 8 - The Drosophila gene Dscam1 encodes proteins on the...Ch. 8 - Describe the steps in translation that require...Ch. 8 - Locate as accurately as possible the listed items...Ch. 8 - Concerning the figure for Problem 26: a. Which...Ch. 8 - a. Can a tRNA exist that has the anticodon...Ch. 8 - For parts a and b of Problem 28, consider the DNA...Ch. 8 - Remembering that the wobble base of the tRNA is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 31PCh. 8 - The yeast gene encoding a protein found in the...Ch. 8 - The sequence of a complete eukaryotic gene...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following list of eukaryotic gene...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35PCh. 8 - The human gene for 2 lens crystallin has the...Ch. 8 - In prokaryotes, a search for genes in a DNA...Ch. 8 - a. The genetic code table shown in Fig. 8.2...Ch. 8 - a. Very few if any eukaryotic genes contain tracts...Ch. 8 - Explain how differences in the initiation of...Ch. 8 - Do you think each of the following types of...Ch. 8 - Null mutations are valuable genetic resources...Ch. 8 - The following is a list of mutations that have...Ch. 8 - Considering further the mutations described in...Ch. 8 - Adermatoglyphia described previously in Problem 18...Ch. 8 - Prob. 46PCh. 8 - You learned in Problem 21 in Chapter 7 that the...Ch. 8 - When 1 million cells of a culture of haploid yeast...Ch. 8 - Why is a nonsense suppressor tRNATyr, even though...Ch. 8 - A mutant B. adonis bacterium has a nonsense...Ch. 8 - You are studying mutations in a bacterial gene...Ch. 8 - Another class of suppressor mutations, not...Ch. 8 - Yet another class of suppressor mutations not...Ch. 8 - At least one nonsense suppressing tRNA is known...Ch. 8 - An investigator was interested in studying UAG...Ch. 8 - Prob. 56PCh. 8 - In certain bacterial species, pyrrolysine Pyl,...Ch. 8 - Canavanine is an amino acid similar to arginine...
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- NASA has identified a new microbe present on Mars and requests that you determine the genetic code of this organism. To accomplish this goal, you isolate an extract from this microbe that contains all the components necessary for protein synthesis except mRNA. Synthetic mRNAs are added to this extract and the resulting polypeptides are analyzed: Synthetic mRNA Resulting Polypeptides AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Lysine-Lysine-Lysine etc. CACACACACACACACA Threonine-Histidine-Threonine-Histidine etc. AACAACAACAACAACA Threonine-Threonine-Threonine etc. Glutamine-Glutamine-Glutamine etc. Asparagine-Asparagine-Asparagine etc. From these data, what specifics can you conclude about the microbe’s genetic code? What is the sequence of the anticodon loop of a tRNA carrying a threonine? If you found that this microbe contained 61 different tRNAs, what could you speculate about the fidelity of translation in this organism?arrow_forwardThe following is a DNA sequence of gene Z. The underlined sequence represents the promoter for gene Z and the underlined and italicized sequence encodes the gene Z ribosome binding (RBS) site. Transcription begins at and includes the T/A base pair at position 60 (bold) a. What are the nucleotides of the mRNA from gene Z?b. What are the amino acids encoded by gene Z? (A codon chart is found on the finalpage)arrow_forwarda) Two of the following three mRNA sequences code for the same protein. Delete the sequence which does NOT code for the same protein as the other two. [ /1] #1 UUU CCU AGU GGU #2 UUC CCA AGC GGC #3 UUC CCG AGA GGA b) Despite the fact that one of the mRNA sequences above codes for a different protein, it IS possible that it will be translated into the same protein as the other two. Based on what you have learned in this unit, explain how this might happen.arrow_forward
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