Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 51P
You are studying mutations in a bacterial gene that codes for an enzyme whose amino acid sequence is known. In the wild-type protein, proline is the fifth amino acid from the amino terminal end. In one of your mutants with nonfunctional enzyme, you find a serine at position number 5. You subject this mutant to further mutagenesis and recover three different strains. Strain A has a proline at position number 5 and acts just like a wild-type strain. Strain B has tryptophan at position number 5 and also acts like wild type. Strain C has no detectable enzyme function at any temperature, and you can’t recover any protein that resembles the enzyme. You mutagenize strain C and recover a strain (C-1) that has enzyme function. The second mutation in C-1 that is responsible for the recovery of enzyme function does not map at the enzyme locus.
| a | What is the |
| b | Why does strain B have a wild-type |
| c | What is the nature of the mutation in strain C? |
| d | What is the second mutation that arose in C-1? |
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The human hexokinase enzyme has the same function as the bacterial hexokinase enzyme but is somewhat different in its amino acid sequence. You have obtained a mutant bacterial strain in which the gene for hexokinase is missing. If you introduce into your mutant strain a DNA plasmid engineered to contain the DNA coding sequence of the human hexokinase gene, what must you also include?
a)The human hexokinase promoter
b)The bacterial hexokinase promoter
c)Both the human and bacterial promoters
d)You cannot engineer a bacteria to produce a human enzyme
Karenca was studying her genetics notes the night before the test. She was getting a little
turned around with the differences between DNA and RNA. She started working a problem
that gave a segment of original DNA as follows:
ТА
Then, the problem said that original DNA was mutated to become:
TAG
Use the codon table to help Karenca determine whether or not this mutation will cause a
change in the phenotype (what the organism looks like) of the organism. *
Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in
phenotype will occur.
Yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for.
Yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a
change in phenotype.
It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.
Taxol is a compound used in cancer treatment. You are working for Genentech on a project to optimize the production of taxol purified from recombinant E. coli bacteria. You have two new strains of SuperGro E. coli: Strain A and Strain B, that you have engineered to express taxol. You want to know which of the two SuperGro E. coli strains is better to use for purifying taxol based on the amount you purify (measured by final concentration of protein in mg/mL). You also want to know which growth media (LB Media or SOC Media) results in a higher amount of purified taxol. You collect data and plot the average final concentration of taxol from each experimental condition in the graph below.
Use the approach we discussed in class and write your analysis and interpretation of the data (describe the graph, describe the data, and interpret the data). Make sure to give clear and complete descriptions.
A. Describe the graph:
B. Describe the data:
C. Describe the interpretation:
Chapter 8 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 8 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 8 - Match the hypothesis from the left column to the...Ch. 8 - How would the artificial mRNA 5GUGUGUGU . . . 3 be...Ch. 8 - An example of a portion of the T4 rIIB gene in...Ch. 8 - Consider Crick and Brenners experiments in Fig....Ch. 8 - The HbSsickle-cell allele of the human -globin...Ch. 8 - The following diagram describes the mRNA sequence...Ch. 8 - The amino acid sequence of part of a protein has...Ch. 8 - The results shown in Fig. 8.5 may have struck you...Ch. 8 - Identify all the amino acid-specifying codons in...
Ch. 8 - Before the technology existed to synthesize RNA...Ch. 8 - A particular protein has the amino acid sequence...Ch. 8 - How many possible open reading frames frames...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14PCh. 8 - Charles Yanofsky isolated many different trpA-...Ch. 8 - The sequence of a segment of mRNA, beginning with...Ch. 8 - You identify a proflavin-generated allele of a...Ch. 8 - Using recombinant DNA techniques which will be...Ch. 8 - Describe the steps in transcription that require...Ch. 8 - Chapters 6 and 7 explained that mistakes made by...Ch. 8 - The coding sequence for gene F is read from left...Ch. 8 - If you mixed the mRNA of a human gene with the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23PCh. 8 - The Drosophila gene Dscam1 encodes proteins on the...Ch. 8 - Describe the steps in translation that require...Ch. 8 - Locate as accurately as possible the listed items...Ch. 8 - Concerning the figure for Problem 26: a. Which...Ch. 8 - a. Can a tRNA exist that has the anticodon...Ch. 8 - For parts a and b of Problem 28, consider the DNA...Ch. 8 - Remembering that the wobble base of the tRNA is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 31PCh. 8 - The yeast gene encoding a protein found in the...Ch. 8 - The sequence of a complete eukaryotic gene...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following list of eukaryotic gene...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35PCh. 8 - The human gene for 2 lens crystallin has the...Ch. 8 - In prokaryotes, a search for genes in a DNA...Ch. 8 - a. The genetic code table shown in Fig. 8.2...Ch. 8 - a. Very few if any eukaryotic genes contain tracts...Ch. 8 - Explain how differences in the initiation of...Ch. 8 - Do you think each of the following types of...Ch. 8 - Null mutations are valuable genetic resources...Ch. 8 - The following is a list of mutations that have...Ch. 8 - Considering further the mutations described in...Ch. 8 - Adermatoglyphia described previously in Problem 18...Ch. 8 - Prob. 46PCh. 8 - You learned in Problem 21 in Chapter 7 that the...Ch. 8 - When 1 million cells of a culture of haploid yeast...Ch. 8 - Why is a nonsense suppressor tRNATyr, even though...Ch. 8 - A mutant B. adonis bacterium has a nonsense...Ch. 8 - You are studying mutations in a bacterial gene...Ch. 8 - Another class of suppressor mutations, not...Ch. 8 - Yet another class of suppressor mutations not...Ch. 8 - At least one nonsense suppressing tRNA is known...Ch. 8 - An investigator was interested in studying UAG...Ch. 8 - Prob. 56PCh. 8 - In certain bacterial species, pyrrolysine Pyl,...Ch. 8 - Canavanine is an amino acid similar to arginine...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In the table below, there are four versions of gene A, one of which is normal, and the other three which contain mutations that make the gene product nonfunctional. Focus on the shaded region of the sequence. Use the genetic code table to answer the question. How would you describe Mutation #2? Partial DNA sequence for gene A ("..." indicates many nucleotides of sequence not shown) 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG GAG GAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Normal Mutation #1 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG GAG AAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Mutation #2 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG TAG GAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Mutation #3 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG GAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Silent mutation Nonsense mutation Frameshift mutations Missense mútationarrow_forwardTransposon mutagenesis was used to generate a library of mutants within the Salmonella genome. You are trying to identify a colony with the transposon inserted in the pathogenic related gene SPI-1 using PCR. Forward and reverse primers are generated that flank either side of the gene and yield a wild type product that is 900 bases in length. Which of the colonies sampled in the gel would you expect to contain the SPI-1 gene with transposon insertion? 3,000 2,000 1,000 700 500 300 100 Ladder Colony A Colony B Colony C Colony D Colony E none colonies A&C colonies B&E O colonies A, C, &D colonies B, D, &E -arrow_forwardAfter Drosophila DNA has been treated with a restriction enzyme, the fragments are inserted into plasmids and selected as clones in E. coli. With the use of this “shotgun” technique, every DNA sequence of Drosophila in a library can be recovered.a. How would you identify a clone that contains DNA encoding the protein actin, whose amino acid sequence is known?b. How would you identify a clone encoding a specific tRNA?arrow_forward
- You want to clone the Human Gene A into a plasmid for producing the Protein A in bacteria. GeneA encodes an mRNA of 100 nucleotides long, but the entire gene spans more than 4000 nucleotides. There are three exons and two introns. If we were to clone this gene directly from the nuclear DNA, bacteria would not be able to express the insulin protein. Explain why this is true.arrow_forwardAs part of a project investigating potential new drug targets in the fight against malaria, you are seeking to clone the gene for a protein from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. You wish to express this protein in BL21 (DE3) cells, a standard laboratory strain of Escherichia coli. After purification of your protein, you run an SDS-PAGE gel and notice that the major band has lower molecular weight than expected, so you fear you are getting a truncated version. 1. What technique could you use to confirm that you are obtaining a shortened version of your intended protein? explainarrow_forwardThere are five substitution mutations in the dark-colored mutant Mc1r gene. Compare the DNA sequence of the light-colored wild-type Mc1r gene with the DNA sequence of the dark-colored mutant Mc1r gene. Indicate the locations of the five mutations by changing the font color to YELLOW for the five single DNA nucleotides that are mutated in the mutant Mc1r gene table. Using the information in the introduction, determine whether each of these mutations is a silent, missense, or nonsense mutation. Using the mutant Mc1r gene data, fill in the columns (including DNA, mRNA, and amino acid) in gene table 2 that contain a silent mutation with BLUE. Likewise, fill in the columns that contain a missense mutation with RED. Shade any columns that contain nonsense mutations with GREEN. Then Of the five mutations you identified in the mutant Mc1r gene, how many are: substitutions insertions deletions (Enter a number on each line.) 2. Of the five mutations…arrow_forward
- As part of a project investigating potential new drug targets in the fight against malaria, you are seeking to clone the gene for a protein from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. You wish to express this protein in BL21 (DE3) cells, a standard laboratory strain of Escherichia coli. After purification of your protein, you run an SDS-PAGE gel and notice that the major band has lower molecular weight than expected, so you fear you are getting a truncated version. (a) Give TWO possible causes of your protein becoming truncated. explainarrow_forwardYou are interested in studying resistance to heavy metals and have selected the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisea to conduct your studies. You have recovered a deletion mutant that does not tolerate high concentrations of zinc (grows poorly in zinc containing media ) and have designated the mutant pgz-1 (for poor growth in zinc ). (a) What is the advantage to the type of mutant used in this work? What class of mutagen was likely use to generate pgz-1? ( b) Do you expect the PGZ gene to be expressed in your mutant? Explain.arrow_forwardThe sequence at one end of one strand of the Drosophilatransposon Mariner is shown below (dots indicatesequences within the transposon):5′ TTAGTTTGGCAAATATCTCCCTTCCGCCTTTTTGATCTTATGT... 3′You obtain a mutant bacterial strain tagged with anengineered Mariner transposon, cut the genomicDNA from this strain with the restriction enzymeMboI (whose recognition site is ^GATC), and circularize the resultant DNA fragments by diluting therestriction enzyme digest and adding DNA ligase.a. Design two 17 bp PCR primers that you could useto identify (by inverse PCR) the gene into whichthe transposon inserted.b. What DNA sequence will be amplified from thecircularized fragments of the mutant genome?Show the extent of this DNA sequence on a mapof the genome of the mutant strain, indicating thelocations of the transposon insertion and any relevant sites for the enzyme MboI.arrow_forward
- The DNA sequence of one strand of a gene from threeindependently isolated mutants is given here (5′ endsare at left). Using this information, what is the sequence of the wild-type gene in this region?mutant 1 ACCGTAATCGACTGGTAAACTTTGCGCGmutant 2 ACCGTAGTCGACCGGTAAACTTTGCGCGmutant 3 ACCGTAGTCGACTGGTTAACTTTGCGCGarrow_forwardA molecular geneticist hopes to find a gene gene in human liver cells that codes for an important blood clotting protein. He knows that the nucleotides sequence of a small part of the gene is GTGGACTGACA. briefly explain how to obtain the desired genearrow_forwardYou are studying mutations in a bacterial gene thatcodes for an enzyme whose amino acid sequence isknown. In the wild-type protein, proline is the fifthamino acid from the amino terminal end. In one ofyour mutants with nonfunctional enzyme, you find aserine at position number 5. You subject this mutant tofurther mutagenesis and recover three different strains.Strain A has a proline at position number 5 and actsjust like a wild-type strain. Strain B has tryptophanat position number 5 and also acts like wild type.Strain C has no detectable enzyme function at anytemperature, and you can’t recover any protein thatresembles the enzyme. You mutagenize strain C andrecover a strain (C-1) that has enzyme function. Thesecond mutation in C-1 that is responsible for therecovery of enzyme function does not map at theenzyme locus.a. What is the nucleotide sequence in both strands ofthe wild-type gene at this location?b. Why does strain B have a wild-type phenotype? Whydoes the original mutant with…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY