Chapter 7, Problem 81A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The properties of metals’ ductility and malleability are based on the valence electrons of metal atoms to be explained.

Concept Introduction : The capacity of metal to be stretched into wire without breaking is known as ductility. The capacity of metal to be hammered into a thin sheet without breaking is known as malleability.

Answer to Problem 81A

The property of ductility and malleability in metals is due to the valence electrons in the valence shell of the metal atoms.

Explanation of Solution

The electrons in an element's atoms with the highest occupied energy level are known as valence electrons.

The chemical characteristics of an element are strongly influenced by the number of valence electrons.

Ductility makes the metals roll into wires. Due to the ability of metal atoms to slide over one another and deform under tensile stress, this is possible.

Because of their malleability, metals can be rolled into sheets. This is possible given that the sea of positively charged metal ions that surround the electrons can alter their shape to accommodate their extremely small volume.

Thus, the metals exhibit the property of ductility and malleability due to the valence electrons in the valence shells.

The metals such as gold, copper, and silver are the best examples.