Chapter 7, Problem 58A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the name and symbol of the Sulphur atom after gaining two electrons.

Concept Introduction: Chemical elements, functional groups, as well as compounds are all denoted by chemical symbols, which have been shorthand abbreviations. The Latin alphabet's first letter is capitalized in element symbols for chemical elements, which typically have one or two letters.

Answer to Problem 58A

Name: sulphide anion

Symbol: ${\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}$ .

Explanation of Solution

• The atomic number of Sulphur = $16$ .
• After gaining two electrons, the number of electrons in S atom = $16+2=18$
• It is known that when an atom takes electrons then it will form an anion, so the formula = ${\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}$ .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the name and symbol of the aluminum atom after losing three electrons.

Concept Introduction: When an atom loses or gains its electrons, then it will form a cation and anion respectively.

Answer to Problem 58A

Name aluminium cation

Symbol: ${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ .

Explanation of Solution

• The atomic number of the Aluminium atom = $13$ .
• After losing three electrons, the number of electrons in the Al atom = $13-3=10$
• It is known that when an atom loses electrons then it will form a cation, so the formula = ${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ .

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the name and symbol of the nitrogen atom after gaining three electrons.

Concept Introduction: When an atom loses or gains its electrons, then it will form a cation and anion.

Answer to Problem 58A

Name Nitride ion

Symbol: ${\text{N}}^{\text{3-}}$ .

Explanation of Solution

• The atomic number of nitrogen atom = $7$ .
• After gaining three electrons, the number of electrons in the nitrogen atom = $7+3=10$
• It is known that when an atom loses electrons, it will form an anion, so the formula = ${\text{N}}^{\text{3-}}$ .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the name and symbol of the Ca atom after losing its electrons.

Concept Introduction: When an atom loses or gains its electrons, it will form a cation and anion.

Answer to Problem 58A

Name calcium ion

Symbol: ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$ .

Explanation of Solution

• The atomic number of calcium atom =20.
• After losing two electrons, the number of electrons in calcium atom = $20-2=18$
• It is known that when an atom loses electrons then it will form an anion, so the formula = ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$ .