Chapter 7, Problem 33A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To explain the reason for the formation of the anion of non-metal when it reacts with a compound.

Concept Introduction: Non-metals are the elements that tend to form anions by gaining electrons.

Answer to Problem 33A

Non-metals gain electrons to achieve an octet configuration because they already have 4, 5, 6, or 7 valence electrons. As a result, they try to form anions.

Explanation of Solution

Non-metals have higher no. of valence electrons that’s why they are like to gain electrons to complete their octet. When they gain electrons, they will form an anion. To achieve their closest noble gas form, elements might gain or lose electrons. They become more stable when ions form to complete the octet. Metals start losing electrons to complete their octet in a reaction with nonmetals, while nonmetals typically gain electrons to do the same. For example:

1. When calcium reacts with chlorine then it will form calcium chloride. Here, Cl has 7 valence electrons. It takes one electron to the calcium atom and completes its octet and forms calcium chloride.
${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{+Cl}}^{\text{-}}\to {\text{CaCl}}_{\text{2}}$