Chapter 7, Problem 37A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of ${\text{Br}}^{-}$ ion needs to be determined. Also, it needs to be identified as an anion or a cation.

Concept Introduction: Metals can lose electron/s to form positively charged ions or cations. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons lost by it. Similarly, non-metals can gain electron/s to form negatively charged ions or anions. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons gained by it.

Explanation of Solution

The given ion is ${\text{Br}}^{-}$ . Here, bromine is a non-metal and has a negative charge; thus, it gains an electron. Since bromine has a -1 charge, thus, 1 electron is gained by the Br atom to form ${\text{Br}}^{-}$ which is known as a bromide ion. Since an electron is gained or the ion formed has a negative charge, it is an anion.

Therefore, the name of ${\text{Br}}^{-}$ ion is bromide ion and it is an anion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ ion needs to be determined. Also, it needs to be identified as an anion or a cation.

Concept Introduction: Metals can lose electron/s to form positively charged ions or cations. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons lost by it. Similarly, non-metals can gain electron/s to form negatively charged ions or anions. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons gained by it.

Explanation of Solution

The given ion is ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ . Here, sodium is metal and has a positive charge; thus, it loses an electron. Since sodium has a +1 charge, thus, 1 electron is lost by the Na atom to form ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ which is known as sodium ion. Since the electron is lost or the ion formed has a positive charge, it is a cation.

Therefore, the name of ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ ion is sodium ion and it is a cation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of ${\text{As}}^{3-}$ ion needs to be determined. Also, it needs to be identified as an anion or a cation.

Concept Introduction: Metals can lose electron/s to form positively charged ions or cations. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons lost by it. Similarly, non-metals can gain electron/s to form negatively charged ions or anions. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons gained by it.

Explanation of Solution

The given ion is ${\text{As}}^{3-}$ . Here, arsenic is a non-metal and has a negative charge; thus, it gains an electron. Since arsenic has a -3 charge, thus, 3 electrons are gained by As atom to form ${\text{As}}^{3-}$ which is known as an arsenic ion. Since electrons are gained or the ion formed has a negative charge, it is an anion.

Therefore, the name of ${\text{As}}^{3-}$ ion is arsenic ion and it is an anion.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of ${\text{Ba}}^{2+}$ ion needs to be determined. Also, it needs to be identified as an anion or a cation.

Concept Introduction: Metals can lose electron/s to form positively charged ions or cations. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons lost by it. Similarly, non-metals can gain electron/s to form negatively charged ions or anions. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons gained by it.

Explanation of Solution

The given ion is ${\text{Ba}}^{2+}$ . Here, barium is metal and has a positive charge; thus, it loses electrons. Since barium has a +2 charge, thus, 2 electrons are lost by the Ba atom to form ${\text{Ba}}^{2+}$ which is known as barium ion. Since electrons are lost or the ion formed has a positive charge, it is a cation.

Therefore, the name of ${\text{Ba}}^{2+}$ ion is barium ion and it is a cation.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ ion needs to be determined. Also, it needs to be identified as an anion or a cation.

Concept Introduction: Metals can lose electron/s to form positively charged ions or cations. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons lost by it. Similarly, non-metals can gain electron/s to form negatively charged ions or anions. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons gained by it.

Explanation of Solution

The given ion is ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ . Here, calcium is metal and has a positive charge; thus, it loses electrons. Since calcium has a +2 charge, thus, 2 electrons are lost by Ca atom to form ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ which is known as a calcium ion. Since electrons are lost or the ion formed has a positive charge, it is a cation.

Therefore, the name of ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ ion is calcium ion and it is a cation.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of ${\text{Cu}}^{+}$ ion needs to be determined. Also, it needs to be identified as an anion or a cation.

Concept Introduction: Metals can lose electron/s to form positively charged ions or cations. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons lost by it. Similarly, non-metals can gain electron/s to form negatively charged ions or anions. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons gained by it.

Explanation of Solution

The given ion is ${\text{Cu}}^{+}$ . Here, copper is metal and has a positive charge; thus, it loses an electron. Since copper has a +1 charge thus, 1 electron is lost by the Cu atom to form ${\text{Cu}}^{+}$ which is known as copper (I) ion. Since electrons are lost or the ion formed has a positive charge, it is a cation.

Therefore, the name of ${\text{Cu}}^{+}$ ion is copper (I) ion and it is a cation.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of ${\text{H}}^{-}$ ion needs to be determined. Also, it needs to be identified as an anion or a cation.

Concept Introduction: Metals can lose electron/s to form positively charged ions or cations. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons lost by it. Similarly, non-metals can gain electron/s to form negatively charged ions or anions. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons gained by it.

Explanation of Solution

The given ion is ${\text{H}}^{-}$ . Here, hydrogen has a negative charge; thus, it gains an electron. Since hydrogen has a -1 charge, thus, 1 electron is gained by the H atom to form ${\text{H}}^{-}$ which is known as a hydride ion. Since an electron is gained or the ion formed has a negative charge, it is an anion.

Therefore, the name of ${\text{H}}^{-}$ ion is hydride ion and it is an anion.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of ${\text{Cu}}^{2+}$ ion needs to be determined. Also, it needs to be identified as an anion or a cation.

Concept Introduction: Metals can lose electron/s to form positively charged ions or cations. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons lost by it. Similarly, non-metals can gain electron/s to form negatively charged ions or anions. Here, the charge on the ion is equal to the number of electrons gained by it.

Explanation of Solution

The given ion is ${\text{Cu}}^{2+}$ . Here, copper is metal and has a positive charge; thus, it loses an electron. Since copper has a +2 charge, thus, 2 electrons are lost by the Cu atom to form ${\text{Cu}}^{2+}$ which is known as a copper (II) ion. Since electrons are lost or the ion formed has a positive charge, it is a cation.

Therefore, the name of ${\text{Cu}}^{2+}$ ion is copper (II) ion and it is a cation.