Chapter 7, Problem 38A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To define the ionic bond.

Concept Introduction: Ionic bonds can be formed by transferring electrons from one atom to another atom.

Answer to Problem 38A

An ionic bond is formed when the valence of one or more valence electrons is transferred to another atom.

Explanation of Solution

An ionic bond will develop between the atoms when one or more valence electrons are switched from one to the other. It may be a cation as well as an anion.

1. When electrons are gained by any atom, an anion is formed. For example, the Cl atom became an anion after gaining electrons. It can be written as $\text{Cl+e}\to {\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$
2. When electrons are lost by any atom then cation is formed. For example, the Na atom became a cation after losing its one electron. It can be written as $\text{Na}\text{-}{\text{e}}^{\text{-}}\to {\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}$

The cations and anions are held together by an electrostatic bond called an ionic bond.