Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 29.2, Problem 3COMQ
An approach that is used to construct a phylogenetic tree is
a. cladistics and the principle of parsimony.
b. phenetics.
c. maximum likelihood or Bayesian methods.
d. all of the above.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Cladistic methods:
a.
have distinct criteria for recognizing genera versus species.
b.
rely equally on all traits that can be measured or observed.
c.
cannot be used below the level of the species (e.g., to identify races).
d.
classify organisms based on shared ancestry
e.
all of the above are correct
Explain the difference between maximum Parsimony and maximum likelihood, when used in computing phylogenetic trees.
Which of the following serves as an advantage to using numerical taxonomy?
a. Trait choices are arbitrary.
b. All traits are weighed equally against one another.
c. Visual traits, like cell cell shape and size, are the most important criteria for determining similarity between species.
d. Traits and activities of different bacteria are informative, and considered with this approach.
Chapter 29 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 29.1 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 29.1 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 29.1 - 3. A pair of birds flies to a deserted island and...Ch. 29.1 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 29.2 - 1. Phylogenetic trees are based on
a. natural...Ch. 29.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 29.2 - An approach that is used to construct a...Ch. 29.2 - 4. Horizontal gene transfer is a process in which...Ch. 29.3 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 29.3 - Prob. 2COMQ
Ch. 29.3 - When the chromosomes of closely related species...Ch. 29 - 1. Discuss the two principles on which evolution...Ch. 29 - 2. Evolution, which involves genetic changes in a...Ch. 29 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 29 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 29 - 5. Would each of the following examples of...Ch. 29 - Distinguish between anagenesis and cladogenesis....Ch. 29 - 7. Describe three or more genetic mechanisms that...Ch. 29 - Explain the type of speciation (allopatric,...Ch. 29 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 29 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 29 - Discuss the major differences among allopatric,...Ch. 29 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 29 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 29 - Would the rate of deleterious or beneficial...Ch. 29 - 15. Which would you expect to exhibit a faster...Ch. 29 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 29 - 17. Plant seeds contain storage proteins that are...Ch. 29 - Take a look at the -globin and -globin amino acid...Ch. 29 - Compare and contrast the neutral theory of...Ch. 29 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 29 - 21. As discussed in Chapter 27, genetic variation...Ch. 29 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 29 - Two populations of snakes are separated by a...Ch. 29 - 2. Sympatric speciation by allotetraploidy has...Ch. 29 - 3. Two diploid species of closely related frogs,...Ch. 29 - A researcher sequenced a portion of a bacterial...Ch. 29 - F1hybrids between two species of cotton,Gossypium...Ch. 29 - 6. A species of antelope has 20 chromosomes per...Ch. 29 - Prob. 7EQCh. 29 - 8. Prehistoric specimens often contain minute...Ch. 29 - From the results of the experiment of Figure...Ch. 29 - InChapter 23, a technique called fluorescence in...Ch. 29 - Prob. 11EQCh. 29 - 12. Discuss how the principle of parsimony can be...Ch. 29 - 13. A homologous DNA region, which was 20,000 bp...Ch. 29 - Prob. 14EQCh. 29 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 29 - 2. Compare the forms of speciation that are slow...Ch. 29 - 3. Do you think that Darwin would object to the...
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- Discuss how the principle of parsimony can be used in a cladistics approach to constructing a phylogenetic tree.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are based on a. natural selection. b. genetic drift. c. homology. d. none of the above.arrow_forwardWhat problems does horizontal gene transfer cause for evolutionary biologists? a. It can make the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees difficult because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships. b. It can cause physiological problems in some organisms, making it hard to study them. c. It can make breeding between different individuals of the same species difficult. d. Because it is the transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look more similar than they actually are. e. All of the above.arrow_forward
- When presenting a phylogenetic tree, researchers will often indicate the level of bootstrap support for each clade. This is done by placing a percentile number along the branch leading to that clade, as in the figure above. Here, the number 80 indicates that the - A. the outgroup is a monophyletic clade in 80% of the bootstrap replicates. B. the ingroup is a monophyletic clade in 20% of the bootstrap replicates. C. the outroup is a monophyletic clade in 20% of the bootstrap replicates. D. the ingroup is a monophyletic clade in 80% of bootstrap replicates.arrow_forwardYou are evaluating five phylogenetic trees generated from a single cladistics analysis. Tree A shows 21 evolutionary events (i.e. the evolution of a shared, derived trait), Tree B shows 7 events, Tree C shows 18 events, Tree D shows 10 events, and Tree E shows 9 events. Which tree is most likely the correct one? Group of answer choices Tree A Tree D Tree B Tree E Tree Carrow_forwardBriefly describe differences among the distance approach, the maximum parsimony approach, and the maximum likelihood approach to the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees.arrow_forward
- A good “phylogenetic” species is one that is A. The smallest diagnosable cluster of organisms within which there is a pattern of ancestry and descent B. The most inclusive population of individuals having the potential for phenotypic cohesion through intrinsic cohesion mechanisms. C. Morphologically distinctive from other groups of organisms D. An actually or potentially interbreeding group that is reproductively isolated from other such groups.arrow_forwardWhat consequences does horizontal gene transfer pose for evolutionary biologists? a. It can pose difficulty in the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees, because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships. b. It can pose physiological problems in some organisms, making it very hard to study them. c. It can pose difficulty in breeding between different individuals of the same species. d. Because it is transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look very more similar than they actually are. e. All of the above.arrow_forwardDiscuss the problems in developing an accurate phylogenetic tree. Do you think it is possible to create a completely accurate universal phylogenetic tree? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is/are TRUE in phylogenetic analysis? 0000000 A. In a phylogram, the longer the branch length, the lesser genetic change. B. A bootstrap value of 90-100 indicates a weakly supported clade. C. Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Parsimony does not consider convergence as an influencing factor in creating an evolutionary tree. D. Phylogenetic analysis treats each base of a sequence as a molecular character for analysis. Both C and D are True statements. Both B and Care True statements. None. All of the statements are False.arrow_forwardParsimony criterion is used to choose the hypothesis of relationships which requires the least Select one: a. homoplasy b. homologyarrow_forwardOf the following taxonomic categories which is the most inclusive (i.e. is the highest in hierarchy)? A. Order B. Subspecies C. Class D. Genusarrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license