Chapter 25, Problem 9QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The names of the given structures areto be determined.

Concept introduction:

The longest chain is termed as the parent chain, which is then numbered from the end that the substituted carbons get a lower number. The name and number of substituents are then prefixed to the name of the parent chain.

In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

The parent chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

The parent chain is numbered from the end that is closest to the substituent.

If the same substituent occurs more than once, the location of each point on which the substituent occurs is given.

If there are two or more different substituents they are listed in alphabetical order using the base name

The name of the alkane is derived from the parent chain with a prefix of the substituent along with their position on the chain.

For naming, the parent chain, which is the most substituted longest possible carbon chain in the given structure, has to be chosen.

This chain is then numbered from one end in such a way that the functional group, orsubstituent, if there is no functional group, gets the smallest possible number. In case more than one substituent are present, the carbon thathas larger substituent gets a lower number.

Thereafter, the name is written including the name and number of substituents. The substituents are written with their number in alphabetical order followed by the name of parent chain and then the functional group as a suffix.

The suffix –olis used for the alcohol group.

The suffix –al is used for the aldehyde group.

The suffix –one is used for the ketone group.