Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The given compounds react as an electrophile or a nucleophile is to be classified.
Concept introduction:
The compound capable of donating a pair of electrons to an electrophile to create a new bond, is known as nucleophile. It seeks a positive center. Lewis bases are considered as nucleophiles.
Negative charged species or electron rich species act as nucleophiles
All those compounds that have the tendency of attracting electron rich center, are known as electrophiles. They are considered as a positively charged or neutral species. Lewis acids are electrophiles.
Positively charged species or electron deficient species act as electrophiles.
In resonance structures, the electrons can move in order to help stabilizing the molecule and, the compound should have same number of electrons.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 25 Solutions
Chemistry
- What is the major organic product in the following reaction sequence? Type its systematic IUPAC name in the box below. Br 1) NaCN 2) H3O*, heat ?arrow_forwardWhich of the following chemical equations depicts an alkylation reaction? C6H6() + CH3Cl() → C6H5CH3() + HCl(g) 2 CH3OH() + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 4 H2O() C6H12() → C6H10() + H2(g) CH2ClCH2Cl(g) + H2(g) → CH3CH3(g) + Cl2(g) CHClCHCl(g) → CH2ClCH2Cl(g)arrow_forwardIn which structure is the bromine on an allylic carbon?arrow_forward
- What are some common strong nucleophiles in organic chemistry?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are false concerning nucleophiles? donates an e- pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond they are all molecules or ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond they are Lewis acids they are attracted to a full or partial positive chargearrow_forwardZaitsev's rule is useful in selecting which carbon adjacent to a carbocation will form the double bond in the alkene product. True or Falsearrow_forward
- Complete the following table to show what functional groups are present in each of the reagents and products in the reaction shown in ? (The first reagent has been filled in for you) Reagent / Product Functional group octanoic acidarrow_forwardTrue or False Considering that two carbon chains have equal number of carbons, but one has Fluorine and the other has Iodine, the one with iodine will have a higher boiling point. Mild oxidation of alkenes results to similar product as that of nucleophilic addition of water to aldehydes.arrow_forwardFrom this picture, what is the major organic product structure? and what's the reaction involved?arrow_forward
- Please answer this Can you give examples to explain Addition reactions-general characteristics Benzene rings do not reactthi like alkenes Remember, the electrophile adds to the less substituted carbon, and the nucleophile to the more substituted carbon. Markovnikov’s Rule: The addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene favors the product in which the proton adds to the alkene carbon that is initially bonded to the greater number of hydrogen atoms. Carbocation rearrangements- Methyl groups and hydride groups can migrate to make a more stable carbocation. A primary carbocation is less stable than a secondary carbocation, which is less stable than a tertiary carbocation. Addition of A Strong Bronsted Acid Hydrohalogenation HX addition to an alkene. Goes through a carbocation intermediate. The electrophile (H+) adds to the less substituted carbon, and the carbocation forms on the more substituted carbon. The nucleophile (X-) then adds to the more substituted carbocation.…arrow_forwardDraw the structural formula for each of the following reactionarrow_forwardWrite out the two-step sequence that converts benzene to attached compound.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY