Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Curved arrows are to be depicted in the reaction in which acetylide ion undergoes nucleophilic addition to
Concept introduction:
The molecule or ion containing a lone pair of electrons or one pi-bond that have the tendency of donating electrons to an electrophile is known as nucleophile.
When an electron rich molecule interacts with an electron deficient molecule having positive charge, the reaction which takes place with the removal of the leaving group is called nucleophilic substitution reaction.
In a nucleophilic addition reaction, a chemical compound having electron-deficient double or triple bonds reacts with a nucleophile to form two new single bonds with the breaking of double bonds.
Movement of electrons in the reaction mechanism is depicted by curved arrows.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 25 Solutions
Chemistry
- Question:In organic chemistry, the formation of carbocations is a critical step in many reactions. Consider the following scenario: A tertiary alcohol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, undergoes acid-catalyzed dehydration to form an alkene. However, when this reaction is attempted using concentrated sulfuric acid, an unexpected product is obtained. Explain the factors responsible for this unexpected product formation and propose a mechanism for the reaction.arrow_forwardA) An Alcohol X has the structure of (CH,), C(OH)CH(CH,),. i) State the IUPAC name of alcohol X. i) Outline the mechanism for the reaction occurring when alcohol X is converted into 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene in the presence of a strong acid. i) Name the reaction in part ii). iv) Draw the structure and state the IUPAC name of an isomer of 2,3-dimethyl-2- butene which is also formed in the reaction. v) Explain why two products are obtained. vi) Write an equation for the reaction between alcohol X and ethanoyl chloride. vii) Outline a mechanism for this reaction, using ROH to represent the alcohol in the mechanism.arrow_forwardFollowing is an ---- and called ---, respectively. ester, methyl hexanoate ester, methyl butanoate ester, ethyl pentanoate ether, methyl butanoatearrow_forward
- 3) Which one(s) of the following is/are an acetal ?arrow_forwardDescribe how will you prepare an alcohol from an alkene.arrow_forwardWhich of the following chemical equations depicts an alkylation reaction? C6H6() + CH3Cl() → C6H5CH3() + HCl(g) 2 CH3OH() + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 4 H2O() C6H12() → C6H10() + H2(g) CH2ClCH2Cl(g) + H2(g) → CH3CH3(g) + Cl2(g) CHClCHCl(g) → CH2ClCH2Cl(g)arrow_forward
- 4. Given the following condensed structural formulas, a) draw the skeletal structures of each molecule and place partial charges on atoms in the reactive functional group, b) label each as an expected nucleophile or electrophile based on charges, e) determine if the molecule could be described as a Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor) or a Lewis base (electron pair donor). i) NaC=CCH3 ii) C6HsCHO iii) CH3CH₂COOHarrow_forwardGiven each of the IUPAC names provided, draw the corresponding structure. (a) 1-ethoxy-3-methoxyhexane;(b) 1,5-dipropoxypentane; (c) 4-butoxy-1,2-dimethoxyheptanearrow_forwardDetermine the major product that is formed when the alkyl halide reacts with a hydroxide ion in an elimination reaction. b) For the major elimination product obtained in 5a), which stereoisomer (cis or trans) is obtained in greater yield? Draw the two isomers and provide the names of the compounds.arrow_forward
- Please answer all of it. If not, please skip. Draw the structure of a branched hydrocarbon that also contains at least one atom with trigonal planar geometry. Draw the structure of an aromatic hydrocarbon containing two halogens. Draw the structure of a molecule containing an aliphatic primary amine and a carboxyl group. Draw the structure of an acyclic molecule containing a primary and a secondary alcohol group. Draw the structure of an achiral tertiary alcoholarrow_forward2) Provide structures for the following compounds: a) ethyl acetate b) Pentanoic acidarrow_forwardExplain why the following alcohols, when heated with acid, form the same alkene.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY