Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 5IQ
- a. What are some of the benefits of determining the
nucleotide sequence of a gene of unknown function? - b. Describe a research method you could use to identify the tissues in which a particular gene is expressed.
- c. Describe a research method that enables you to compare which genes are expressed and what their relative rates of expression are in several tissues.
- d. In one study with early nematode embryos, RNAi was used to prevent the expression, one gene at a time, of 86% of nematode genes. What did this allow researchers to do?
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e. You also study the expression of a different mutants for this gene. For each mutant answer the
following:
Does this mutation change the sequence of the protein produced? Why or why not?
If it does change the sequence of protein be sure to write out the new sequence.
If it does not change the protein sequence, what effect (if any) would you expect it
to have on expression of the gene?
1
20
ORI
40
60
5'...TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGTAATATGGGGATGCACTATC..3'
3' ...AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCATTATACCCCTACGTGATAG...5'
promoter
a. How do bacteria increase the efficiency of gene expression? Is this possible in eukaryotes?
b. A mutation in the promoter of Gene K disrupts an enzyme binding site and results in the loss of
Gene K expression. Is this change in gene expression likely happening at the transcriptional or the
translational level? Explain.
c. Propose three different mutations to prevent initiation, elongation, and termination of bacterial
transcription, respectively. Explain how/why each mutation would prevent its respective step. (Hint:
mutations can be in genes that encode proteins or regulatory DNA sequences)
How does reverse methylation affect gene expression?
Select one:
o a. The gene is turned off, but still expresses a protein product.
b. The gene becomes transcriptionally silent.
c. There is no effect on the gene.
d. The gene is hyperactive resulting in a gain of function.
e. The gene expresses the wrong protein.
Clear my choice
How do microRNAs regulate epigenetic mechanisms during development?
Select one:
o a. MicroRNAs function as gene repressors
b. You only find microRNAS in epigenetic and cancer cells
c. MicroRNAs function as gene activators
d. MicroRNAS regulate methylation on the DNA sequences of embryos
e. Researchers find that when microRNAs are present the effects of epigenetic modifications are 50% greater
Clear my choice
Chapter 20 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 20 - In what ways would third-generation sequencing be...Ch. 20 - The following schematic diagram depicts an...Ch. 20 - Which of the following DNA sequences would most...Ch. 20 - a. When PCR is used to prepare a DNA fragment for...Ch. 20 - a. What are some of the benefits of determining...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6IQCh. 20 - What are some of the practical and ethical...Ch. 20 - Prob. 8IQCh. 20 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 20 - Fill in the table on the previous page on the...
Ch. 20 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 20 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 20 - Gel electrophoresis is a means of separating...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 20 - The following segment of DNA has restriction sites...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 20 - Which enzyme is used in the polymerase chain...Ch. 20 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 20 - STRs (short tandem repeats) are a valuable tool...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 20 - Which of the following has the greatest potential...Ch. 20 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 20 - Petroleum-lysing bacteria are being engineered for...Ch. 20 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 20TYK
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- Transcriptional repressor proteins (e.g., lac repressor), antisense RNA, and feedback inhibition are three different mechanisms that turn off the expression of genes and gene products. Which of these three mechanisms will be most effective in each of the following situations? A. Shutting down the synthesis of a polypeptide B. Shutting down the synthesis of mRNA C. Shutting off the function of a protein For your answers to parts A–C that list more than one mechanism, which mechanism will be the fastest or the most efficient?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about qPCR is true? a. The Ct value is generally directly proportional to the level of gene expression b.The intensity of fluorescence signal is generally inversely proportional to the level of gene expression c.The Ct value is generally inversely proportional to the level of gene expression d.The intensity of fluorescence signal is generally directly proportional to the level of gene expressionarrow_forwarde. You also study the expression of 2 different mutants for this gene. For each mutant answer the following: Does this mutation change the sequence of the protein produced? Why or why not? o If it does change the sequence of protein be sure to write out the new sequence. If it does not change the protein sequence, what effect (if any) would you expect it to have on expression of the gene? 1 20 ORI 40 60 5'..TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGTAATATGGGGATGCACTATC...3’ 3' ...AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCATTATACCCCTACGTGATAG...5' promoter i. Mutant A has a single base pair substitution with the T/A being replaced with C/G base pair at position 35 (position denoted by the * in the sequence above).arrow_forward
- LO: Explain how mutations in regulatory regions of genes differ from mutations in coding region The presence or absence of pelvic spines in the stickleback fish is controlled by whether the Pitx1 gene is expressed in the pelvic tissue. The Figure below shows how Pitx1 transcription is regulated in different tissues. The center image is that of a stickleback embryo. The drawings in the surrounding boxes show the Pitx1 gene region and activator proteins present in the jaw, pelvis, eye, or pituitary tissues. While the diagram only shows one activator in one tissue, many activators are present in a particular tissue at any one time. Activator molecules with specific shading can bind to switches with the same shading. 3a) Based on the diagram, in which tissues will the PitX1 gene be expressed? 3b) Assume a fish inherits a deletion mutation in the pituitary switch/enhancer sequence. You isolate DNA from jaw, pelvic, eye, and pituitary tissues. In the DNA of which tissue(s) would…arrow_forwarda. The eyeless gene is required for eye formation in Drosophila. It encodes a homeodomain. What would you predict about the biochemical function of the Eyeless protein?b. Where would you predict that the eyeless gene is expressed in development? How would you test your prediction? c. The Small eye and Aniridia genes of mice and humans, respectively, encode proteins with very strong sequence similarity to the fly Eyeless protein, and they are named for their effects on eye development. Devise one test to examine whether the mouse and human genes are functionally equivalent to the fly eyeless gene.arrow_forwardexamine the process of gene expression. Include the following: Explain the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Discuss mechanisms by which gene expression may be altered. How do these alterations induce cancer-causing mutations in cell DNA? Explain how cancer is formed. Describe genetic changes found in cancer cells and how these changes lead to alterations in cell behavior. Determine whether proteome data can be utilized in genetic disorder diagnosis. Relate the Human Genome Project data to the analysis of cancer genes. Relates the Human Genome Project's utility in pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine to diagnose and treat cancerarrow_forward
- You are interested in finding out in which organ GTF2H5 is highly expressed experimentally. Describe a method in recombinant DNA technology to measure gene expression, explain your rationale, and step by step, what are needed for this method to workarrow_forwardProtein levels and mRNA levels for a particualr gene don’t always match. For example, the GCN4 gene in yeast is always producing mRNA, but the Gcn4 protein is only made when the cells are starved. B. What does this mean for diagnostic techniques that try to look at gene expression?arrow_forwardExplain how DNA methylation could be used to regulate gene expression in a tissue-specific way. When and where would de novo methylation occur, and when would demethylation occur? What would occur in the cells that give rise to eggs and sperm?arrow_forward
- What strategy does a genetically encoded calcium indicator look like to allow fluorescence imaging of only one cell type in an acute slice of the brain? A.The use of fluorescent protein expression inhibitors in other cells B.The injection of a recombinant virus causing the death of other cells C.The use of a promoter specific to these cells D.Activation of membrane receptors specific to these cellsarrow_forwardHow is the expression of genes controlled at the chromosomal level? A. DNA can synthesize extra histones as needed B. DNA can either be condensed into heterochromatin or decondensed into euchromatin C. DNA can be unwound into euchromatin to reduce the level of expression D. The expression of DNA can only be controlled at the transcriptional level E. DNA is spontaneously deleted from a chromosome if not neededarrow_forwardGene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA.Explain the method with an example.arrow_forward
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