examine the process of gene expression. Include the following: Explain the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Discuss mechanisms by which gene expression may be altered. How do these alterations induce cancer-causing mutations in cell DNA? Explain how cancer is formed. Describe genetic changes found in cancer cells and how these changes lead to alterations in cell behavior. Determine whether proteome data can be utilized in genetic disorder diagnosis. Relate the Human Genome Project data to the analysis of cancer genes. Relates the Human Genome Project's utility in pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine to diagnose and treat cancer

Q: d. a homozygous mutation that completely eliminates the coding region of a tumor suppressor gene e.…

A: Cancer is defined as a serious medical concern marked by uncontrolled cell divisions that result in…

Q: Explain Phenotypes of mutations in genes encoding transcription factors.

A: Some genetic disorders caused by mutation in genes encoding components of the transcriptional…

Q: 3a) Based on the diagram, in which tissues will the PitX1 gene be expressed?      3b) Assume a…

A: The transcription factor Pitx1 (also known as Pituitary Homeobox 1) is essential for embryonic…

Q: . MAKE CONNECTIONS The p53 protein can activategenes involved in apoptosis. Review Concept 11.5,…

A: Cells are exposed to exogenous and endogenous compounds which cause DNA damage. It results in…

Q: Discuss the role of chromatin proteins in regulating gene expression. How does the three-dimensional…

A: Chromatin is a part of the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell. This highly organized complex of DNA and…

Q: The Bax gene, codes for a cytosolic protein that plays an important role in apoptosis. Growth factor…

A: Bax gene Bcl-2-associated X protein which is pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 gene family. Cell…

Q: Which genetic cancer predisposition syndrome is caused by germ-line mutations in the p53 gene and is…

A: P53 is the tumor suppressor protein (TP53 in humans) which is also described as the guardian of the…

Q: Explain how genetics and epigenetics play a role in cancer.

A: Genomic precariousness, which happens through both hereditary components (basic inheritable…

Q: Cancer is a major public health problem.  Both inherited genes and environmental factors play a role…

A: Cancer has become a major global health issue for some time. Cancers occur by environmental…

Q: Explain how Epigenetics are related with Cancer ?

A: Answer- Epigenetics is the change in the gene expression without changing the sequence of the DNA.

Q: B. Briefly describe how can RNA seq be used to quantify differential gene expression between two…

A: It is attainable by performing RNA-Seq with spike-ins, samples of ribonucleic acid at identified…

Q: Explain how mutations in oncogenes and in tumor suppressorgenes cause cancer.

A: Cancer is a group of diseases that involves abnormal growth of the cell. These cells have the…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene…

A: Tumor-supressor genes: Tumor-suppressor genes is defined as normal genes that will slow down the…

Q: Define epigenetics and discuss the role of modifications to DNA and histone proteins in controlling…

A: Epigenetics is the study of heritable variations in gene expression that do not require changes to…

Q: Please explain the role of gene expression in the process of a stem cell differentiating into a…

A: Gene expression is the process of central dogma where protein is formed from DNA. Stem cells have…

Q: List the following steps of gene expression in eukaryotes in chronological order. Also indicate…

A: RNA processing refers to the series of events where the pre-mRNA is converted to mature RNA by…

Q: Discuss how oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are related to genes involved in the control of…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the regular genes present in the genome which are important for the…

Q: illustrate some of the molecular mechanisms leading from loss-of-function mutations in…

A: Tumor suppressing genes also known as Anti - oncogenes are the  regulatory genes which regulates…

Q: explain which controls over gene expression are likely to be very brief, which may be long lasting,…

A: DNA and RNA are the types of nucleic acids that carry genetic information. DNA is transcribed to…

Q: What is/are the role/s of molecular techniques in understanding cancer? Cite some references from…

A: In cancer, cells grow abnormally. Cancer is not one disease. It is a group of diseases. The…

Q: Describe error prone polymerases and the process of translesion synthesis (TLS). In regards to tumor…

A: Translesion synthesis (TLS) is a method of overcoming stopped replication in which particular…

Q: Describe the mechanisms in which DNA is used to generate protein.  Reflect on the key points in the…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each…

Q: Discuss the mechanisms by which transcription factors influence the reprogramming of somatic cells…

A: Somatic cells are similar to human beings in that they develop to fulfill a specific purpose in…

Q: Understand how a cancer cell from a primary benign tumor is able to leave the primary benign tumor…

A: Cancer metastasis is the spread of cancer cells to tissues and organs beyond where the tumor…

Q: Select the statements that accurately describe different ways that translocations could lead to…

A: Answer-  (A) A translocation breaks up the sequence of a gene for a protein that stimulates…

Q: Discuss factors that might influence the activity of DNA-binding proteins (transcription factors)…

A: Transcription is that the process where a gene's DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) into an RNA…

Q: ct one: a The gene is turned off, but still expresses a protein product. . The gene becomes…

A: DNA methylation is associated with the silencing of gene expression.

Q: Explain the Role of telomere in regards to cancer

A: Telomeres gradually shorten with each cell division, resulting in less protection for the…

Q: Apply the Key terms to fill in the blanks to demonstrate knowledge of cancer development. Key terms:…

A: 1. Regulator  2. Mutated 3.cell cycle 4.unrepaired 5. Check points.

Q: Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, Bcl-2,…

A: Proto-oncogene is a normal gene which have many different functions in the cell, like providing…

Q: Briefly describe the structural variability of cancer genomes.

A: The loss or drift may result in the occurrence of cancer in breast cancer. Breast cancer is define…

Q: Please distinguish driver and passenger mutations in cancer.

A: Driver mutations: Mutations in known oncogenes that help cells establish or maintain the transformed…

Q: Which of the following chromosomal changes would be LEAST likely to cause the development of cancer?…

A: Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.…

Q: Q. The nuclear membrane disintegrates late in prophase of mitosis in most eukaryotic cells. Once the…

A: DNA polymerase is found in the cytoplasm outside of the nucleus.  So we can say that options C, D,…

Q: Explain the normal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that prevents cells from…

A: Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are two types of genes that relate cell cycle regulation to…

Q: "In most differentiated tissues, daughter cells retain a memory of gene expression patterns that…

A: The expression of specific genes inside each cell type is what causes cells to differentiate into…

Q: Mutations that increase the creation of blood vessels and turn on expression of telomerase are....…

A: Reactivation of telomerase could be valuable in certain types of cell treatment and doesn't seem…

Q: Discuss the relationship between genes and phenotype in terms of gene expression and the symptoms…

A: Units of inheritance are called genes. Genes are the DNA regions that encode proteins. Each gene…