Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 15EQ
A cross was made between two strains of plants that are agriculturally important. One strain was disease-resistant but herbicide-sensitive; the other strain was disease-sensitive but herbicide-resistant. A plant breeder crossed the two plants and then allowed the
Formulate a hypothesis that you think is consistent with the observed data. Test the goodness of fit between the data and your hypothesis using a chi square test. Explain what the chi square results mean.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The table below shows the progeny of a test cross of a heterozygote (HhFfGg). Each row
shows the number of progeny that inherited each combination of alleles from the
heterozygous parent. You've already determined the gene order (G is in the middle) and
labeled each type of progeny. Using this information, what is the recombination frequency
between H and G?
Alleles: Type:
HGF
hgf
HgF
h Gf
Hgf
h GF
HGf
hg F
O 0.543
0.302
O 0.241
O 0.23
0.139
Parental
Parental
DCO
DCO
SCO (H-G)
SCO (H-G)
SCO (G-F)
SCO (G-F)
Count:
124
119
15
18
51
55
38
40
O The correct answer is not available.
The flowers of 4 o'clock plants may be red, pink or white. Reds crossed to whites only
produced pink offspring. When pink flowered plants were crossed with each other, they
produced 113 red, 129 white, and 242 pink. It is hypothesized that these colors are
controlled by a single gene pair of incompletely dominant alleles. Is this hypothesis
acceptable on the basis of a Chi-square test? Show your solutions below.
Chi computed value:
Degree of freedom:
Chi tabulated value:
(at a = 0.05)
Conclusion:
A) Describe the data you collect from the Purple 1 x Purple 2 cross. Predict the genotype of each of the parent plants. Explain your predictions using data from the experiment.
B) Consider the offspring, the next generation (F1), from the Purple 1 x Purple 2 cross. What is the probability of a green stem plant? How do you know this?
C) What is the probability in the F2 generation of a green stem offspring? Use a Punnett square(s) and quantitative data to explain your thinking. Upload your Punnett square(s).
Chapter 2 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 2.1 - 1. Experimental advantages of using pea plants...Ch. 2.1 - The term cross refers to an experiment in which a....Ch. 2.1 - 3. To avoid self-fertilization in his pea plants,...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 2.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 2.3 - A pea plant has the genotype rrYy. How many...Ch. 2.3 - A cross is made between a pea plant that is RrYy...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 2.4 - Which of the following would not be observed in a...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 2COMQ
Ch. 2.5 - A cross is made between AABbCcDd and AaBbccdd...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 2.5 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 2 - 1. Why did Mendel’s work refute the idea of...Ch. 2 - 2. What is the difference between...Ch. 2 - 3. Describe the difference between genotype and...Ch. 2 - 4. With regard to genotypes, what is a...Ch. 2 - 5. How can you determine whether an organism is...Ch. 2 - In your own words, describe Mendels law of...Ch. 2 - Based on genes in pea plants that we have...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 2 - Do you know the genotype of an individual with a...Ch. 2 - 10. A cross is made between a pea plant that has...Ch. 2 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 2 - 12. Describe the significance of nonparentals with...Ch. 2 - For the following pedigrees, describe what you...Ch. 2 - Ectrodactyly, also known as lobster claw syndrome,...Ch. 2 - Identical twins are produced from the same sperm...Ch. 2 - In cocker spaniels, solid coat color is dominant...Ch. 2 - A cross was made between a white male dog and two...Ch. 2 - 18. In humans, the allele for brown eye color (B)...Ch. 2 - Albinism, a condition characterized by a partial...Ch. 2 - A true-breeding tall plant was crossed to a dwarf...Ch. 2 - 21. For pea plants with the following genotypes,...Ch. 2 - 22. An individual has the genotypeand makes an...Ch. 2 - 23. In people with maple syrup urine disease, the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 2 - 25. A true-breeding pea plant with round and Page...Ch. 2 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 2 - 27. What are the expected phenotypic ratios from...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 2 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 2 - A pea plant that is dwarf with green, wrinkled...Ch. 2 - 31. A true-breeding plant with round and green...Ch. 2 - Wooly hair is a rare dominant trait found in...Ch. 2 - Huntington disease is a rare dominant trait that...Ch. 2 - 34. A woman with achondroplasia (a dominant form...Ch. 2 - 1. Describe three advantages of using pea plants...Ch. 2 - Explain the technical differences between a...Ch. 2 - 3. How long did it take Mendel to complete the...Ch. 2 - 4. For all seven characters described in the data...Ch. 2 - From the point of view of crosses and data...Ch. 2 - 6. As in many animals, albino coat color is a...Ch. 2 - 7. The fungus Melampsora lini causes a disease...Ch. 2 - For Mendels data for the experiment in Figure 2.8,...Ch. 2 - 9. Would it be possible to deduce the law of...Ch. 2 - In fruit flies, curved wings are recessive to...Ch. 2 - A recessive allele in mice results in an unusally...Ch. 2 - Prob. 12EQCh. 2 - Prob. 13EQCh. 2 - Prob. 14EQCh. 2 - 15. A cross was made between two strains of plants...Ch. 2 - A cross was made between two pea plants, TtAa and...Ch. 2 - Consider this four-factor cross: TtRryyAaTtRRYyaa,...
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- Two true-breeding varieties of maize, one 11 cm high and the other 47 cm high were crossed and the resultant F1 hybrids were then crossed to generate the F2 . In the F2 there were a total of 13,923 plants with a continuous variation in heights between the two extremes and with only 3 plants as large as 47 cm high and 5 plants of 11 cm high. The F1 from (b) is then crossed to give an F2. What proportion would you expect in the F2 of each extreme phenotype?arrow_forwardThe table below shows the progeny of a test cross of a heterozygote (JjBbRr). Each row shows the number of progeny that inherited each combination of alleles from the heterozygous parent. You've already determined the gene order (B is in the middle) and labeled each type of progeny. Using this information, what is the recombination frequency between J and B? Alleles: Type: Count: J B R Parental 132 j b r Parental 135 J b R DCO 15 j B r DCO 11 J b r SCO (J-B) 59 j B R SCO (J-B) 55 J B r SCO (B-R) 38 j b R SCO (B-R) 40 Group of answer choices 0.214 0.235 0.289 the correct answer is not available. 0.503 0.14arrow_forwardTwo true-breeding varieties of maize, one 11 cm high and the other 47 cm high were crossed and the resultant F1 hybrids were then crossed to generate the F2 . In the F2 there were a total of 13,923 plants with a continuous variation in heights between the two extremes and with only 3 plants as large as 47 cm high and 5 plants of 11 cm high. a) How many i) genes and ii) how many alleles are involved in determining height in this plant?arrow_forward
- Two true-breeding varieties of maize, one 11 cm high and the other 47 cm high were crossed and the resultant F1 hybrids were then crossed to generate the F2 . In the F2 there were a total of 13,923 plants with a continuous variation in heights between the two extremes and with only 3 plants as large as 47 cm high and 5 plants of 11 cm high. a) How many i) genes and ii) how many alleles are involved in determining height in this plant? b) What is the contribution of each dominant allele to the phenotype in cm? c) What would be the size and genotype of the F1 from a cross between a true-breeding 11 cm plant and a true-breeding 47 cm plant? d) The F1 from (b) is then crossed to give an F2. What proportion would you expect in the F2 of each extreme phenotype?e) In a cross between a 29cm plant and a 20cm plant what would be the genotypes giving the smallest number of different phenotypes? specify the phenotypes observed.arrow_forwardTwo true-breeding varieties of maize, one 11 cm high and the other 47 cm high were crossed and the resultant F1 hybrids were then crossed to generate the F2 . In the F2 there were a total of 13,923 plants with a continuous variation in heights between the two extremes and with only 3 plants as large as 47 cm high and 5 plants of 11 cm high. a) How many i) genes and ii) how many alleles are involved in determining height in this plant? b) What is the contribution of each dominant allele to the phenotype in cm? c) What would be the size and genotype of the F1 from a cross between a true-breeding 11 cm plant and a true-breeding 47 cm plant? d) The F1 from (b) is then crossed to give an F2. What proportion would you expect in the F2 of each extreme phenotype? e) In a cross between a 29cm plant and a 20cm plant what would be the genotypes giving the smallest number of different phenotypes? specify the phenotypes observed. Please answer the following problem & EXPLAIN your answer…arrow_forwardA cross was made between two strains of plants that are agriculturallyimportant. One strain was disease-resistant but herbicide-sensitive;the other strain was disease-sensitive but herbicide-resistant. Aplant breeder crossed the two plants and then allowed the F1 generation to self-fertilize. The following data were obtained:F1 generation: All offspring are disease-sensitive andherbicide-resistantF2 generation: 157 disease-sensitive, herbicide-resistant57 disease-sensitive, herbicide-sensitive54 disease-resistant, herbicide-resistant20 disease-resistant, herbicide-sensitiveTotal: 288Formulate a hypothesis that you think is consistent with the observeddata. Test the goodness of fit between the data and your hypothesisusing a chi square test. Explain what the chi square results meanarrow_forward
- In corn (Zea mays), the wild type trait is for kernels to be round; some kernels are shrunken (S), which is caused by recessive, mutant alleles of various genes. You obtain five strains of corn with shrunken kernels, and conduct pairwise crosses between all five strains (1x1, 1x2, 1,3, etc). The results are summarized in the matrix below: if the offspring have the wild type trait, round, then they are represented with a "+"; if the offspring have the trait caused by recessive, mutant alleles, shrunken, they are marked with "S" 1 2 3 4 5 1 S 2 + S 3 + 4 5 + S S S S S S + + + S a. How many total genes are represented by these five strains? Explain your answer. b. Which of the five strains represent the same genes? (how can they be grouped, if at all). Explain your answer.arrow_forwardA cross was performed using Drosophila melanogaster involving a female known to be heterozygous for both ebony body and sepia eyes and a male known to be homozygous wild type male. The resulting progeny were allowed to mate with one another to produce the data set. Three repetitions of the experiment were conducted. The following data were produced from the crosses. Test these data to determine if they are significantly different from the expected phenotypic ratio. Use the 5% level of significance. Your answer should include the hypothesized cross in genotypes, the Chi-squared value, the critical value and whether you reject or do not reject for each experiment. Wild eye Wild body – 112, Wild eye Ebony body – 40, Sepia eye Wild body – 35, Sepia eye Ebony body – 11arrow_forwardThe pedigree shown below depicts crosses performed as part of an antelope captive-breeding program. Use the pedigree information to calculate the coefficient of inbreeding (F) for the mating of IV-12 and III-9 that produces the animal identified as V-13.arrow_forward
- An ebony strain of flies was discovered to be sensitive to carbon dioxide. Crossing a female sensitive strain with male resistant strain gave all sensitive offspring. The offspring of an F, female crossed with a resistant male were all sensitive. Using the following key to your illustrations using shapes, make a reciprocal cross up to the F2 generation. Put your illustrations in the space provided below. Label the phenotypes of all individuals in the reciprocal cross. Adjust spacing, if necessary. Make sure that the complete cross(es) can fit the same page. Big blue circle Big pink circle Small half-blue-half-pink circle Small blue circle Small pink circle - male cytoplasm - female cytoplasm - F, nucleus - male nucleus - female nucleusarrow_forwardConsider the recombination frequencies data below from a series of two-point crosses that were carried out for genes found at seven loci (a, b, c, d, e, f, and g). Use this data to answer the following questions. The seven genes above are found on how many linkage groups? Loci a and b a and c a and d a and e a and f a and g b and c b and d b and e b and f b and g a. 7 linkage groups b. 5 linkage groups c. 4 linkage groups O d. 3 linkage groups % Recombination 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 29 11 Loci c and d c and e c and f c and g d and e d and f d and g e and f e and g fand g % Recombination 29 41 50 50 12 50 50 50 50 18 (1)arrow_forwardWhat would justify the following ratio appearing after phenotyping the outcome of a crossing trial: 8.9: 2.9: 3.2:1? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b C d Obviously this represents independent assortment based on crossing dihybrid heterozygotes. Obviously this represents gene linkage based on test crossing a dihybrid heterozygote. Obviously this represents the results of a trihybrid test cross. Obviously this represents independent assortment based on crossing monohybrid heterozygotes.arrow_forward
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