Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19, Problem 8CONQ
A point mutation occurs in the middle of the coding sequence for a gene. Which types of mutations-silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift-would be most likely to disrupt protein function and which would be least likely?
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 19.1 - 1. A mutation changes a codon that specifies...Ch. 19.1 - A down promoter mutation causes the promoter of a...Ch. 19.1 - 3. A mutation in one gene that reverses the...Ch. 19.1 - Which of the following is an example of a somatic...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 19.3 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 19.3 - A point mutation could be caused by a....Ch. 19.3 - One way that TNRE may occur involves the formation...Ch. 19.4 - Nitrous acid replaces amino groups with keto...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 2COMQ
Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 19.5 - The function of photolyase is to repair a....Ch. 19.5 - Which of the following DNA repair systems may...Ch. 19.5 - 3. In nucleotide excision repair in E. coli, the...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 19.5 - An advantage of translesion-replicating...Ch. 19 - Is each of the following mutations a transition,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 19 - What does a suppressor mutation suppress? What is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 19 - X-rays strike a chromosome in a living cell and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 19 - 8. A point mutation occurs in the middle of the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 19 - 11. Is a random mutation more likely to be...Ch. 19 - 12. Which of the following mutations could be...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 19 - Discuss the consequences of a germ-line versus a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 19 - Explain how a mutagen can interfere with DNA...Ch. 19 - What type of mutation (transition, transversion,...Ch. 19 - Explain what happens to the sequence of DNA during...Ch. 19 - Distinguish between spontaneous and induced...Ch. 19 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 19 - Trinucleotide repeat expansions (TNREs) are...Ch. 19 - 24. With regard to TNRE, what is meant by the term...Ch. 19 - 25. What is the difference between the mutation...Ch. 19 - Achondroplasia is a rare form of dwarfism. It is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 19 - In the treatment of cancer, the basis for many...Ch. 19 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 19 - 30. Which of the following examples is likely to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 19 - With regard to the repair of double-strand breaks,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 35CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 19 - 37. Three common ways to repair changes in DNA...Ch. 19 - Prob. 38CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 39CONQCh. 19 - Explain how the technique of replica plating...Ch. 19 - 2. Outline how you would use the technique of...Ch. 19 - 3. From an experimental point of view, is it...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4EQCh. 19 - Prob. 5EQCh. 19 - 6. Richard Boyce and Paul Howard-Flanders...Ch. 19 - In E. coli, a variety of mutator strains have been...Ch. 19 - 2. Discuss the times in a person’s life when it is...Ch. 19 - A large amount of research is aimed at studying...
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- As described earlier, DNA damage can cause deletion or insertion of base pairs. If a nucleotide base sequence of a coding region changes by any number of bases other than three base pairs, or multiples of 3, a frameshift mutation occurs. Depending on the location of the sequence change, such mutations can have serious effects. The following synthetic mRNA sequence codes for the beginning of a polypeptide: 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGAGGGAAGGAGGUGGCUUAUC-AUGUUU-3′ First, determine the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide. Then determine the types of mutation that have occurred in the following altered mRNA segments. What effect do these mutations have on the polypeptide products? a. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUUGCUGACGAGGGAAGGAGGUGGCUUAUCA-UGUUU-3′ b. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGAGGGAGGAGGUGGCUUAUCAU-GUUU-3′ c. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGAGGGAAGGAGGUGGCCCUUAUC-AUGUUU-3′ d. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGGAAGGAGGUGGCUUAUCAU-GUUU-3′arrow_forwardIf the coding region of a gene (the exons) contains 2,100 base pairs of DNA, would a missense mutation causes a protein to be shorter, longer, or the same length as the normal 700 amino acid proteins? What would be the effect of a nonsense mutation? A sense mutation?arrow_forwardThe following double stranded segment of DNA is part of a protein coding gene. The segments in uppercase letters (ACTG) represent the exons. The segments in lowercase letters (acgt) represent introns. The lower strand is the template strand that is used by the RNA polymerase to make an RNA transcript. Draw or write-out a) the sequence of the primary transcript and b) the mature mRNA resulting from this stretch of DNA.arrow_forward
- For a specific type of mutation at a given location in a particular gene, identify whether it will affect the size of the mRNA, the protein, or both. How would the mutant appear on a gel in comparison to the originalarrow_forwardIf the codon AAA is mutated to AAG, it still codes for the amino acid, lysine, and the protein remains functionally the same; which of the following would best describe the result of this mutation? 1) frameshift mutation. O 2) insertion mutation. O 3) silent mutation. 4) nonsense mutation. O 5) back mutation.arrow_forwarda) What is a mutation in molecular terms? b) a mutation deletes a base in the genomic DNA discuss how that will affect the reading frame and expression product production. Using the following list of codons describe, using diagrams etc., how information stored in the DNA is translated into a peptide. Be sure to discuss all steps. In other words, use a diagram and give me sequences, transcription and translation steps. Show the sequences of the sense and the other DNA strand, the mRNA and the tRNA’s. UUU -phenylalanine UCU -serine AUG –initiation/methionine CUU -leucine ACU -threonine GUU -valine UAA -Terminationarrow_forward
- a) The deacetylation of histones generally causes gene inactivation. True or false? b)During eukaryotic translation, the first contact between the ribosome and the mRNA is usually made when the small ribosomal subunit directly binds to the translational start site (Kozak sequence) on the mRNA. True or false? c)The termination of translation is carried out by a single tRNA molecule that recognizes all three stop codons. True or false? d) The deamination of cytosine, which produces uracil, is less likely to be repaired, compared to the deamination of 5-methylcytosine, which produces thymine.True or false? e)An HLH-bHLH heterodimer can bind DNA. True or false? F)Chromatin remodeling complexes posseses ATPase activity. True or false? g)Histone methylation generally causes gene inactivation. True or false? h) A pre-mRNA is cleaved downstream of its polyA signal before the transcription terminates. True or false? i) During X chromosome inactivation in female mammals, most genes are repressed…arrow_forwardA polypeptide has the following amino acid sequence: Met-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-Glu-Gly The amino acid sequence of this polypeptide was determined in a series of mutants listed in parts a through e. For each mutant, indicate the type of mutation that occurred in the DNA (single-base substitution, insertion, deletion) and the phenotypic effect of the mutation (nonsense mutation, missense mutation, frameshift, etc.). a. Mutant 1: Met-Ser-Ser-Arg-Leu-Glu-Gly b. Mutant 2: Met-Ser-Pro c. Mutant 3: Met-Ser-Pro-Asp-Trp-Arg-Asp-Lys d. Mutant 4: Met-Ser-Pro-Glu-Gly e. Mutant 5: Met-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-Leu-Glu-Glyarrow_forwardFor the given mutation below,please write down the reverse mutation and any intragenic suppressor mutations for that mutation. Use the codon table for amino acids as reference. In this case, mutation means single letter change. Mutation: AGA -> AGC Arg codons: CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG,AGA,ACG Ser codons: UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, AGC Character limit is 10 characters. Write down Reverse mutation sequence first and then intragenic suppressor mutation sequence. Write down the mutated sequence not the mutation.arrow_forward
- You may wish to consult the genetic code above to answer the following question. A mutation has changed a portion of a protein coding gene that encodes a messenger RNA sequence. The original messenger RNA sequence is 5-AUGCCCAGAGCU-3' Which mutation is a nonsynonymous (missense) mutation that changes a single amino acid in the encoded protein? O 5-AUGCCCAGGGCC-3' O 5'-AUGCCCUGAGCU-3' O 5'-AUGCCCACAGCU-3 5'-AUGCCCCAGAGCU-3arrow_forwardA reversion is a mutation that returns a mutant codon back to acodon that gives a wild-type phenotype. At the DNA level, this typeof mutation can be an exact reversion or an equivalent reversion. An equivalent reversion produces a protein that is equivalent to thewild-type protein in structure and function. This outcome canoccur in two ways. In some cases, the reversion produces thewild-type amino acid (in this case, glutamic acid), but it uses adifferent codon than the wild-type gene. Alternatively, an equivalentreversion may substitute an amino acid structurally similarto the wild-type amino acid. In our example, an equivalent reversionhas changed valine to an aspartic acid. Because aspartic andglutamic acids are structurally similar—they are acidic aminoacids—this type of reversion can restore wild-type structure andfunction.Here is the question: The template strand within the codingsequence of a gene has the following sequence:3′–TACCCCTTCGACCCCGGA–5′This template produces the…arrow_forwardA nonsynonymous mutation is also referred to as missense mutation. Which of the following correctly describe these mutations? They are permanent and cannot revert or reverse mutate back into a wild-type sequence. They cause a non-functional amino acid to replace a functional amino acid. O They result in the insertion or deletion of a small number of nucleotides to the DNA. They change the nucleotide sequence of a gene but do not change the sequence of the resulting protein. None of the provided answers are correct. They convert a codon for a particular amino acid within a gene into a stop codon. They insert an additional amino acid into the final protein product.arrow_forward
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