Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19, Problem 1QSDC
In E. coli, a variety of mutator strains have been identified in which the spontaneous rate of mutation is much higher than in normal strains. Make a list of the types of abnormalities that could cause a strain of bacteria to become a mutator strain. Which abnormalities do you think would give the highest rate of spontaneous mutation?
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In E. coli, the genes for histidine (his), arginine (arg), tyrosine (tyr), and valine (val) synthesis are closely linked. A wild-type strain is used as a donor for transducing viruses. Various recipient strains were treated with these viruses. Wild-type recombinant colonies were then counted, with the results shown in the following table.
Genotype of recipient
Number of wild-type colonies
Genotype of recipient
Number of wild-type colonies
his- arg+ val+ tyr+
254
his+ arg- val- tyr+
132
his+ arg+ val- tyr-
36
his+ arg- val+ tyr+
240
his- arg- val+ tyr+
28
his- arg+ val- tyr+
102
his- arg+ val+ tyr-
100
his+ arg- val+ tyr-
2
What is the cotransduction coefficient of histidine and valine? For consistency, standardize on histidine.
0.38 (wrong)
0.537
0.402
None of these
The accompanying photo shows a sequencing gel from the original study that first sequenced the cystic fibrosis gene (J. R. Riordan et al. 1989. Science 245:1066–1073). From the photo, determine the sequence of the normal copy of the gene and the sequence of the mutated copy of the gene. Identify the location of the mutation that causes cystic fibrosis. (Hint: The CF mutation is a 3-bp deletion.)
There are five substitution mutations in the dark-colored mutant Mc1r gene. Compare the DNA sequence of the light-colored wild-type Mc1r gene with the DNA sequence of the dark-colored mutant Mc1r gene. Indicate the locations of the five mutations by changing the font color to YELLOW for the five single DNA nucleotides that are mutated in the mutant Mc1r gene table. Using the information in the introduction, determine whether each of these mutations is a silent, missense, or nonsense mutation.
Using the mutant Mc1r gene data, fill in the columns (including DNA, mRNA, and amino acid) in gene table 2 that contain a silent mutation with BLUE.
Likewise, fill in the columns that contain a missense mutation with RED.
Shade any columns that contain nonsense mutations with GREEN.
Then
Of the five mutations you identified in the mutant Mc1r gene, how many are:
substitutions insertions deletions (Enter a number on each line.)
2. Of the five mutations…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 19.1 - 1. A mutation changes a codon that specifies...Ch. 19.1 - A down promoter mutation causes the promoter of a...Ch. 19.1 - 3. A mutation in one gene that reverses the...Ch. 19.1 - Which of the following is an example of a somatic...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 19.3 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 19.3 - A point mutation could be caused by a....Ch. 19.3 - One way that TNRE may occur involves the formation...Ch. 19.4 - Nitrous acid replaces amino groups with keto...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 2COMQ
Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 19.5 - The function of photolyase is to repair a....Ch. 19.5 - Which of the following DNA repair systems may...Ch. 19.5 - 3. In nucleotide excision repair in E. coli, the...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 19.5 - An advantage of translesion-replicating...Ch. 19 - Is each of the following mutations a transition,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 19 - What does a suppressor mutation suppress? What is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 19 - X-rays strike a chromosome in a living cell and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 19 - 8. A point mutation occurs in the middle of the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 19 - 11. Is a random mutation more likely to be...Ch. 19 - 12. Which of the following mutations could be...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 19 - Discuss the consequences of a germ-line versus a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 19 - Explain how a mutagen can interfere with DNA...Ch. 19 - What type of mutation (transition, transversion,...Ch. 19 - Explain what happens to the sequence of DNA during...Ch. 19 - Distinguish between spontaneous and induced...Ch. 19 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 19 - Trinucleotide repeat expansions (TNREs) are...Ch. 19 - 24. With regard to TNRE, what is meant by the term...Ch. 19 - 25. What is the difference between the mutation...Ch. 19 - Achondroplasia is a rare form of dwarfism. It is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 19 - In the treatment of cancer, the basis for many...Ch. 19 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 19 - 30. Which of the following examples is likely to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 19 - With regard to the repair of double-strand breaks,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 35CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 19 - 37. Three common ways to repair changes in DNA...Ch. 19 - Prob. 38CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 39CONQCh. 19 - Explain how the technique of replica plating...Ch. 19 - 2. Outline how you would use the technique of...Ch. 19 - 3. From an experimental point of view, is it...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4EQCh. 19 - Prob. 5EQCh. 19 - 6. Richard Boyce and Paul Howard-Flanders...Ch. 19 - In E. coli, a variety of mutator strains have been...Ch. 19 - 2. Discuss the times in a person’s life when it is...Ch. 19 - A large amount of research is aimed at studying...
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- We have two specific strains of E. coli that have shown horizontal gene transfer (HGT) when mixed. To experimentally determine the method of HGT that is happening, the following conditions are set up in different tubes of culture media: A) Donor and recipient strain mixed together (control - no treatment). B) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, DNase added (can digest DNA in solution, not within cells).C) Special tube containing a membrane filter (with pores that allow DNA and viruses to pass through, but not bacterial cells) that separates two compartments. Donor strain is added on one side, the recipient strain on the other (they are separated by the filter).D) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, with chemical that inactivates viruses (chemical affects bacteriophages in solution so they are unable to attach to cells). The results: Tubes A, B, and D: HGT was observed. Tube C: HGT was NOT observed. Based on this, which type of HGT was occurring? Conjugation,…arrow_forwardDefine and compare the outcomes of the following types of nucleotide substitutions, insertion or deletions. Which is likely to cause the least dramatic mutant effect? a) missense mutations b) nonsense mutations c) frameshift mutations d) silent mutationarrow_forwardConsider the following experiment. First, large populations of two mutant strains of Escherichia coli are mixed, each requiring a different, single amino acid. After plating them onto a minimal medium, 45 colonies grew. Which of the following may explain this result? A) The colonies may be due to back mutation (reversion). B) The colonies may be due to recombination. C) Either A or B is possible. D) Neither A nor B is possible.arrow_forward
- Researchers are designing several experiments to test the ability of Salmonella bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. A culture of Salmonella bacteria is exposed to the same concentrations (200 mg/L) of an antibiotic for four days. The table shows the number of isolated resistant bacteria over a four-day period. Which of the following statements best explains these results? A - The bacteria were not affected by the antibiotic. B - After being exposed to the antibiotic, the bacteria altered their DNA. C - A new species of bacteria emerged after the antibiotics were introduced. D - Random mutations led some bacteria to be resistant and, over time, they increased in the population.arrow_forwardSome S. aureus strains can produce an enzyme called beta-lactamase, which breaks down beta-lactam drugs like methicillin. These strains that make beta-lactamase have a gene called mecA. Draw a diagram of the bacterial DNA encoding this gene, including the following terms: promoter, terminator, coding region.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not an example of a transversion mutation? a) T·A -> C·G b) G·C -> C·G c) T·A -> G·C d) C·G -> A·T e) A·T -> T·Aarrow_forward
- What type of mutation is shown in the diagram? Why do you think this type of mutation is referred to by this term?arrow_forwardI mutation occurs such that the sequence now reads: CTA CTT TTT. A) Transcribe the short DNA sequence. B) translate this short DNA sequence. C) what type of point mutation is this? A mutation occurs such that the sequence now reads: CTA GTC TTT. 1)transcribe this short DNA sequence. 2. Translate this short DNA sequence. 3. What type of point mutation is this?arrow_forwardTwo types of mutations discussed in this chapter are 1) nucleotide changes and 2) unstable genome regions that undergo dynamic changes. Describe each type of mutation.arrow_forward
- Discuss the following mutations with reference to specific genetic disorders: i) Faulty DNA repair; ii) Gain-of-function; and iii) Trinucleotide repeats. Give steps for each mutations.arrow_forwardA neutral mutation is, by definition, a mutation that does not result in the change of the encoded amino acid sequence of a gene. 1)True 2)Falsearrow_forward1) A mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors. All BUT ONE of the statements below correctly describes or explains genetic mutations. A) Mutation can disrupt normal cell activity and cause diseases, like cancer. B) Mutations in parents' cells are then passed down to offspring via reproduction. C) Our cells can recognise any potentially mutation-causing damage and repair it before it permanent. D) Mutations can occur as the result of exposure to environmental factors such as smoking, toxins and radiation.arrow_forward
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