A nonsynonymous mutation is also referred to as missense mutation. Which of the following correctly describe these mutations? They are permanent and cannot revert or reverse mutate back into a wild-type sequence. They cause a non-functional amino acid to replace a functional amino acid. O They result in the insertion or deletion of a small number of nucleotides to the DNA. They change the nucleotide sequence of a gene but do not change the sequence of the resulting protein. None of the provided answers are correct. They convert a codon for a particular amino acid within a gene into a stop codon. They insert an additional amino acid into the final protein product.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Understanding Nonsynonymous Mutations (Missense Mutations)**

A nonsynonymous mutation, also referred to as a missense mutation, is a type of genetic alteration where a single nucleotide change results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein product. This mutation can have various outcomes depending on the role and location of the replaced amino acid within the protein.

**Question:**
Which of the following correctly describes these mutations?

**Options:**

1. **They are permanent and cannot revert or reverse mutate back into a wild-type sequence.**
2. **They cause a non-functional amino acid to replace a functional amino acid.**
3. **They result in the insertion or deletion of a small number of nucleotides to the DNA.**
4. **They change the nucleotide sequence of a gene but do not change the sequence of the resulting protein.**
5. **None of the provided answers are correct.**
6. **They convert a codon for a particular amino acid within a gene into a stop codon.**
7. **They insert an additional amino acid into the final protein product.**

**Explanation:**
Missense mutations specifically lead to the replacement of one amino acid with another in the protein product. This can affect the protein's structure and function, potentially leading to various phenotypic consequences. It’s key to note that missense mutations do not necessarily mean the resultant protein will be non-functional; the effect can range from benign to severe depending on the context.
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Nonsynonymous Mutations (Missense Mutations)** A nonsynonymous mutation, also referred to as a missense mutation, is a type of genetic alteration where a single nucleotide change results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein product. This mutation can have various outcomes depending on the role and location of the replaced amino acid within the protein. **Question:** Which of the following correctly describes these mutations? **Options:** 1. **They are permanent and cannot revert or reverse mutate back into a wild-type sequence.** 2. **They cause a non-functional amino acid to replace a functional amino acid.** 3. **They result in the insertion or deletion of a small number of nucleotides to the DNA.** 4. **They change the nucleotide sequence of a gene but do not change the sequence of the resulting protein.** 5. **None of the provided answers are correct.** 6. **They convert a codon for a particular amino acid within a gene into a stop codon.** 7. **They insert an additional amino acid into the final protein product.** **Explanation:** Missense mutations specifically lead to the replacement of one amino acid with another in the protein product. This can affect the protein's structure and function, potentially leading to various phenotypic consequences. It’s key to note that missense mutations do not necessarily mean the resultant protein will be non-functional; the effect can range from benign to severe depending on the context.
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