Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19.4, Problem 3COMQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The Ames test was invented by Bruce Ames in the 1970s in order to check the mutagenicity of any substance, that is, how much it can mutate the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The test uses a strain of Salmonella, which is incapable of synthesizing histidine on its own. The test basically looks at the ability of a substance to create a mutation, such that the strain starts producing its own histidine.
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A company that manufactures cleansing products has synthesized two new organic compounds , chemicals A and B, which improve the cleaning power of dishwashing detergents.
To determine the mutagenic capacity of the chemicals , the company tested the effect of the chemicals on Salmonella cells requiring histidine to grow ( His- cells ). The table below shows the results of the test .
A. Name the test used by the company .
B. What does the test detect or estimates ?
C. Which chemical (s) would you identify as containing a mutagen ? Why ?
D. What is the purpose of test 1 ? Why are colonies detected in test 1?
E. Which chemical ( s) would you identify as possible antimutagen ? Why ?
The PCR method is noted both for it's power (speed and sensitivity of detection) and its specificity for amplifying (making many copies) of a desired target sequence. The SPECIFICITY of the reaction is produced mainly by the presence of _____________________ in the reaction.
a. template DNA from a desired organism
b. four deoxyribonucleutide monomers
c. Taq DNA polymerase
d. uniquely designed synthetic DNA primers
e. repeated cycling of reaction temperatures
Definition of Terms( This is all about Applications of Recombinant DNA){ 2-3 sentences only)
a. Clone
b. Plasmids
c. Biotechnology
a. PCR Amplification
b. Detection
c. Modified Trait
d. Human Genome
e. Genetic Modified Organism
Chapter 19 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 19.1 - 1. A mutation changes a codon that specifies...Ch. 19.1 - A down promoter mutation causes the promoter of a...Ch. 19.1 - 3. A mutation in one gene that reverses the...Ch. 19.1 - Which of the following is an example of a somatic...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 19.3 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 19.3 - A point mutation could be caused by a....Ch. 19.3 - One way that TNRE may occur involves the formation...Ch. 19.4 - Nitrous acid replaces amino groups with keto...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 2COMQ
Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 19.5 - The function of photolyase is to repair a....Ch. 19.5 - Which of the following DNA repair systems may...Ch. 19.5 - 3. In nucleotide excision repair in E. coli, the...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 19.5 - An advantage of translesion-replicating...Ch. 19 - Is each of the following mutations a transition,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 19 - What does a suppressor mutation suppress? What is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 19 - X-rays strike a chromosome in a living cell and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 19 - 8. A point mutation occurs in the middle of the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 19 - 11. Is a random mutation more likely to be...Ch. 19 - 12. Which of the following mutations could be...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 19 - Discuss the consequences of a germ-line versus a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 19 - Explain how a mutagen can interfere with DNA...Ch. 19 - What type of mutation (transition, transversion,...Ch. 19 - Explain what happens to the sequence of DNA during...Ch. 19 - Distinguish between spontaneous and induced...Ch. 19 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 19 - Trinucleotide repeat expansions (TNREs) are...Ch. 19 - 24. With regard to TNRE, what is meant by the term...Ch. 19 - 25. What is the difference between the mutation...Ch. 19 - Achondroplasia is a rare form of dwarfism. It is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 19 - In the treatment of cancer, the basis for many...Ch. 19 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 19 - 30. Which of the following examples is likely to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 19 - With regard to the repair of double-strand breaks,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 35CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 19 - 37. Three common ways to repair changes in DNA...Ch. 19 - Prob. 38CONQCh. 19 - Prob. 39CONQCh. 19 - Explain how the technique of replica plating...Ch. 19 - 2. Outline how you would use the technique of...Ch. 19 - 3. From an experimental point of view, is it...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4EQCh. 19 - Prob. 5EQCh. 19 - 6. Richard Boyce and Paul Howard-Flanders...Ch. 19 - In E. coli, a variety of mutator strains have been...Ch. 19 - 2. Discuss the times in a person’s life when it is...Ch. 19 - A large amount of research is aimed at studying...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What would be the outcome if the primers used in a polymerase chain reaction have lower GC content (<40 %), shorter, and more variable than the intended oligonucleotide sequence? a.The PCR reaction will cease after the first cycle b.The reaction will yield a mixture of non-specific products. c.All of these d.The PCR reaction will not start. e.The reaction will yield a single short PCR product.arrow_forwardDuring an Ames test, what does it mean when S. typhimurium is his+? A. The sample is completely safe for humans B. The sample is safe for humans but has a chance to be a mutagen C. The sample is not safe for humans and is considered a mutagen D. The sample is not safe and is hypothetically a mutagenarrow_forwardin Cohen-Boyer's recombinant DNA procedure _______ must be used for both the bacterial DNA and the amphibian DNA _______. a. the same restrictions enzyme, so that the the restriction site are identical in the DNA of each species b. different restriction enzymes, so that the genes outside the restriction site are maintained c. the same restriction enzymes, to ensure that the newly formed DNA can replicate d. different restriction enzymes, to ensure that the newly introducted genes are maintained in the bacterial DNAarrow_forward
- Studies of similarities and differences among the genomes of multiple organisms is carried out in _______ a. Comparative genomics b. Structural genomics c. Proteogenomics d. Functional genomicsarrow_forwardIdentifying an individual by his or her DNA is referred to as ____. a. RNA profiling b. genomic fingerprinting c. individual genomics d. DNA profiling e. structural genomicsarrow_forwardScientists can distinguish between DNA of different individuals, thus making this information useful in criminal investigations. The technique used is called __________. a. DNA fingerprinting b. CRISPR/Cas9 c. fluorescent in situ hybridization d. PCRarrow_forward
- You have been performing a PCR reaction but your results aren't the greatest. Your Supervisor has told you that you should increase the concentration of Magnesium. What affect will this have on the reaction? a. The annealing temperature will not be affected but the enzyme activity will be affected. b. The annealing temperature will decrease. c. The denaturation temparture will have to be increased in the PCR protocol. d. The denaturation temparture will have to be decreased in the PCR protocol. e. The Annealing temperature will increase.arrow_forwardLook at the amino acid chart below that the proctor placed on a board at the front of the classroom before asking the students questions. Help Arcel characterize the DNA mutation (HbS) according to its amino acid and position. a The disease is caused by GAG20→GTG20. b The disease is caused by val6→gln6. c The disease is caused by glu6→ val6. d The disease is caused by glu20→ val20.arrow_forwardChromosomal DNA fragments for molecular cloning are cut by _________, and inserted into molecular vectors (such as plasmids) using __________. a. Ligase; Restriction Endonucleases. b. Restriction endonucleases; Ligase. c. DNA polymerase 1; Primase. d. DNA polymerase 1; Ligase. e. Primase; Helicase.arrow_forward
- Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement. Which of the following is or are required for cloning a gene? a. restriction endonuclease d. a and b b. vector e. all of these c. cloning hostarrow_forwardRFLP analysis involves the following, except ________ . a. more than one restriction sites b.gene therapy c.intercalation of dye d.electrophoresis e.restrictionarrow_forwardThe Ames Test... a. is always used to detect cancer-causing virus b. has the potential to completely replace the need of animal testing of potential carcinogens c. uses a virus constructed to be susceptible to mutagenesis caused by mutagens d. includes liver extract in the assay to determine the mutagenicity of the metabolites of test samples e. is positive for all human carcinogensarrow_forward
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