Researchers can isolate a sample of cells, such as skin fibroblasts, and grow them in the laboratory. This procedure is called a cell culture. A cell culture can be exposed to a sample of DNA. If the cells are treated with agents that make their membranes permeable to DNA, the cells may take up the DNA and incorporate it into their chromosomes. This process is called transformation or transfection. Scientists have transformed human skin fibroblasts with methylated DNA and then allowed the fibroblasts to divide for several cellular generations. The DNA in the daughter cells was then isolated, and the segment that corresponded to the transformed DNA was examined. This DNA segment in the daughter cells was also found to be methylated. However, if the original skin fibroblasts were transformed with unmethylated DNA, the DNA found in the daughter cells was also unmethylated. With regard to the transformed DNA, do fibroblasts perform de novo methylation, maintenance methylation, or both? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
- If mutations occur in DNA, there are several mechanisms by which a cell can repair the defect. One method that can be used is nucleotide extision repair. All of the following characterize nucleotide excision repair, except: DNA ligase will replace the excised DNA and seal the backbone Enzymes can cleave the damaged region DNA can be opened to form a bubble so proteins can access the damaged DNA Can identify thymine dimersarrow_forwardCloning is a general term used for whole organisms and DNA sequences. Define what we mean when we say we have a clone.arrow_forwardWhen treating a person by gene therapy, is it necessary that the therapeutic gene becomes part of a chromosome (integration) when inserted into cells? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding and separating the parental DNA strands? a polymerase b primase c topoisomerase d helicasearrow_forwardSuppose researchers learn that a particular congenital disease is caused by synthesis of a protein coded by a mutated gene. Describe a way in which recombinant DNA technology might be used to prevent translation of the protein.arrow_forwardExplain how cells can be transformed by inserting new DNA sequences into their genomes.arrow_forward
- Cloning Genes Is a Multistep Process Which enzyme is responsible for covalently linking DNA strands together? a. DNA polymerase b. DNA ligase c. EcoRl d. restriction enzymes e. RNA polymerasearrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the process of DNA sequencing? a. DNA is separated on a gel, and the different bands are labeled with fluorescent nucleotides and scanned with a laser. b. A laser is used to fluorescently label the nucleotides present within the DNA, the DNA is run on a gel, and then the DNA is broken into fragments. c. Nucleotides are scanned with a laser and incorporated into the DNA that has been separated on a gel, and then the DNA is amplified with PCR. d. Fragments of DNA are produced in a reaction that labels them with any of four different fluorescent dyes, and the fragments then are run on a gel and scanned with a laser. e. DNA is broken down into its constituent nucleotides, and the nucleotides are then run on a gel and purified with a laser.arrow_forwardCloning Genes Is a Multistep Process In cloning human DNA, why is it necessary to insert the DNA into a vector such as a bacterial plasmid?arrow_forward
- Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading nucleotides during DNA replication? a nuclease b exonuclease c ligase d polymerasearrow_forwardWhat is the difference between DNA proofreading and DNA repair? In 3-4 sentencearrow_forwardCRISPER works by creating double strand breaks in DNA at targeted locations. By adding the donor DNA, the researcher is trying to force the cell to utilize which DNA repair pathway? Base excision repair Homologous recombination Nonhomologous end-joining Nucleotide excision repairarrow_forward
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