Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 1QSDC
Discuss why you think the ribosomes need to contain so many proteins and rRNA molecules. Does it seem like a waste of cellular energy to make such a large structure so that translation can occur?
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For translation of eukaryotic mRNA sequences:
a) The stop codon stops translation by blocking the ribosome.
b) The tRNA is the same thing as the amino acid.
c) There are two binding pockets within the ribosome where different tRNAs will bind to the mRNA.
d) The first codon that is recognized by the ribosome is UAG
e) The ribosome can bind to the mRNA in any location.
At least three types of RNA are required for protein synthesis. Compare and contrast mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA by moving the
descriptions of their structure and function to the appropriate categories. Some phrases may describe all three types of RNA.
mRNA
in eukaryotes, can exist outside the nucleus
acts as an enzyme for peptide synthesis
composed of ribonucleic acid
rRNA
Answer Bank
moves amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
tRNA
contains nucleotide triplets that code for specific amino acids
has a convoluted structure with a three-base sequence called an anticodon
moves genetic information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
The two-dimensional structures of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are shown in the diagrams.
Which of the following might be one contributing factor to the function of rRNA based on comparisons between the structures of the three molecules?
A - rRNA molecules are sufficiently flexible because they contain more RNA loops.
B - rRNA molecules are more reactive because they have longer chains of unmatched bases.
C - rRNA molecules are sufficiently stable because the sequence of bases allows for more internal hydrogen bonds.
D - rRNA molecules are more rigid because they have a more regular sequence of bases than other RNA molecules.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 13.1 - 2. The reason why Beadle and Tatum observed four...Ch. 13.2 - What is the genetic code? a. The relationship...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.2 - The fourth codon in an mRNA sequence is GGG, which...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 13.4 - 2. The anticodon of a tRNA is located in the
a....Ch. 13.4 - An enzyme known as _______attaches an amino acid...
Ch. 13.5 - Each ribosomal subunit is composed of a. multiple...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.6 - 1. During the initiation stage of translation in...Ch. 13.6 - The Kozak rules determine a. the choice of the...Ch. 13.6 - During the peptidyl transfer reaction, the...Ch. 13.6 - A release factor is referred to as a molecular...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 13 - What does it mean when we say that the genetic...Ch. 13 - According to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 13 - 6. The wobble rules for tRNA-mRNA pairing are...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 13 - If a tRNA has an anticodon sequence 3CCI5, what...Ch. 13 - Describe the anticodon of a single tRNA that could...Ch. 13 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 13 - 14. What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?...Ch. 13 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 13 - 16. Discuss the significance of modified bases...Ch. 13 - How and when does formylmethionine become attached...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 13 - The term subunit can be used in a variety of ways....Ch. 13 - 22. Do the following events during bacterial...Ch. 13 - 23. What are the three stages of translation?...Ch. 13 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 13 - 25. For each of the following initiation factors,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 13 - 27. For each of the following sequences, rank them...Ch. 13 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 13 - In which of the ribosomal sites, the A site, P...Ch. 13 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 34CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 35CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 13 - 1. In the experiment of Figure 13.7, what would be...Ch. 13 - 2. Polypeptides can be translated in vitro. Would...Ch. 13 - Discuss how the elucidation of the structure of...Ch. 13 - Describe the structure of a polysome, which is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5EQCh. 13 - 6. The technique of Western blotting is described...Ch. 13 - The protein known as tyrosinase is needed to make...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8EQCh. 13 - Discuss why you think the ribosomes need to...Ch. 13 - 2. Discuss and make a list of the similarities...Ch. 13 - 3. Which events during translation involve...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The two-dimensional structures of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are shown in the diagrams. TRNA MRNA FRNA Which of the following might be one contributing factor to the function of rRNA based on comparisons between the structures of the three molecules? rRNA molecules are sufficiently flexible because they contain more RNA loops. rRNA molecules are more reactive because they have longer chains of unmatched bases. rRNA molecules are sufficiently stable because the sequence of bases allows for more internal hydrogen bonds. FRNA molecules are more rigid because they have a more regular sequence of bases than other RNA molecules.arrow_forwardWhat kind of bond is created between successive amino acids in a protein? If there are more codon combinations than amino acids available in biology, then why aren't amino acids encoded by two nucleotides for each codon instead of three? How does secondary and tertiary protein structure develop from the primary structure created during translation? The picture below is of translation happening in a cell in real time. How is this image different from the models we have made in this exercise? RNA Ribosomes A morphologists view of tramslation Polypeplide chaingarrow_forwardMatch the function in translation to each type of RNA (one RNA has two listed functions). 1) Carry an amino acid that is encoded by a codon. 2) Serve as the link between DNA and proteins. 3) Create the backbone of the ribosome 4) Has triplet-nucleotide codons that encode the primary structure of proteins. Here are the choices for the questions: a) tRNA b) rRNA c) mRNAarrow_forward
- 26) Eukaryotes are unable to couple transcription and translation because: A) the two processes occur in separate regions of the cell B) they do not have the specialized ribosomes that occur in bacteria C) the genetic code in eukaryotes is incompatible with the formation of polyribosomes D) the mRNA of eukaryotes do not have the appropriate spacers that polycistrons allow for polyribosomes to form E) eukaryotic mRNA molecules are monocistronic. asap please.arrow_forwardConsider this list (below) of steps involved in translation. These steps are out of order. TRANSLATION: 1. the small and large ribosomal sub-units unite2. two amino acids join together.3. another tRNA anti-codon bonds with another mRNA codon 4. an initial tRNA bearing a specific amino acid arrives at the ribosome 5. the process continues until a protein molecule is completed6. at the synthesis site, initial mRNA codons are insertedarrow_forwardWhich of these molecules would have the most monomers (i.e. be longest)? a) RNA polymer that comprises the transfer RNA b) mRNA transcript just after transcription c) polypeptide chain released by ribosome d) mRNA transcript that a ribosome attaches toarrow_forward
- The sequence A is read by RNA polymerase to produce an mRNA that is translated by the ribosome: Choose the sequence that would correspond to that mRNA. A: 3’ – TACGGAACG – 5’ B) 3’ – AUGCCUUGC – 5’ C) 5’ – AUGCCUUGC – 3’ D) 3’ – UACGGAACG – 5’ E) 5’ – UACGGAACG – 3’arrow_forwarddescribe the process of reading a gene and turning it into a protein in a eukaryote.Your first paragraph should summarize transcription and your second paragraph should summarize translation. USE THE FOLLOWING 12 TERMS IN YOUR DECRIPTION: transcription, messenger RNA (mRNA), RNA polymerase, nucleus, ribosome, RNA splicing, exon, intron, translation, cytoplasm, transfer RNA (tRNA), codon.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is always true of ribosomes? The small ribosomal subunit is composed of only rRNA, while the large ribosomal subunit is composed of both FRNA and protein. A During translation elongation, new tRNAS enter at the A site, then the growing polypeptide is catalytically added to the amino acid on the newly entered tRNA. I. During translation elongation, TRNAS enter at the P site, then transfer polypeptides to a new tRNA in the E site, IlI. Ribosomes are not able to synthesize ribosomal proteins. O V. During translation Initiation, the first TRNA (methionyl TRNA) is located in the A site when the large subunit associates with the small subunit. V.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is an example of the degeneracy of the genetic code?Group of answer choices a) each codon specifies more than one amino acid b) the genetic code is not degenerate c) an amino acid can have more than one codon d) None of the abovearrow_forwardConsider this nucleotide sequence of DNA strand in the image provided. If this strand is the sense strand, Give the correct nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced after transcription. If the RNA formed in #1 is already a functional mRNA and will be used to synthesize proteins, how many codons are present here that will actually code for amino acids? What is the sequence of the stop codon in this mRNA? What is the sequence of the 3rd codon in this mRNA? What is the sequence of the last codon in this mRNA that actually code for an amino acid?arrow_forwardIn cells, proteins are synthesized from a gene sequence via the process of transcription and translation. Which of the following complementary base pairings would you observe during the synthesis (the making) of a prokaryotic protein? [I am looking for the complementary base pairing(s) you would see as you go from a gene to a protein. Note that it is prokarryotic protein and not eukaryotic protein]. DNA with mRNA mRNA with tRNA mRNA with rRNA rRNA with tRNA A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correctarrow_forward
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