Consider this list (below) of steps involved in translation. These steps are out of order.  TRANSLATION:  1. the small and large ribosomal sub-units unite 2. two amino acids join together. 3. another tRNA anti-codon bonds with another mRNA codon 4. an initial tRNA bearing a specific amino acid arrives at the ribosome 5. the process continues until a protein molecule is completed 6. at the synthesis site, initial mRNA codons are inserted

Which of the following are stages of translation? Select all that apply.   a.As the ribosome moves from codon to codon, amino acids brought by successive tRNAs to the ribosome form a growing polypeptide.   b.A tRNA binds to the second codon and its carried amino acid forms a peptide bond with methionine.   c.When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, its subunits detach, and the mRNA and new polypeptide are released.   d.Ribosomal subunits and a tRNA carrying methionine converge on the start codon of an mRNA.   e.The binding of a tRNA to the third codon causes the ribosome to release the first tRNA and move to the next codon.

What are two advantages for circularizing the mRNA during the process of eukaryotic translation?  (Select two correct answers)   mRNA circularization ensures that translation terminates at the proper termination codons. mRNA circularization facilitates the binding of the ribosome to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. mRNA circularization ensures that a full-length mRNA is used in the process of translation. mRNA circularization eliminates the requirement for translation factors in the process of translation initiation. mRNA circularization allows for a more efficient re-initiation of the translation process during repeated cycles of translation.

Vaccina virus (used in the polio vaccine) produces an enzyme that takes the 5’ cap off of the mRNAs in the eukaryotic cells it infects. Besides allowing degradation of the host’s mRNA, what step in translation of the host’s mRNAs does this prevent? Group of answer choices Movement of tRNA from the A site to the P site tRNA binding to the A site Recognition of the stop codon Ribosome small subunit from binding mRNA Movement of the tRNA from the P site to the A site