Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 8.15, Problem 51SEP
Based on the Al–Ni phase diagram given in Figure P8.40, how many grams of Ni should be alloyed with 100 g of Al to synthesize an alloy of liquidus temperature of approximately 640°C?
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Your friend in the lab has been working with a 90% Dc, 10% Vr alloy and developed the time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram below, including the formation of a martensite (M) phase.
You have 3 pieces of this alloy in your furnace currently held at 800 °C. State the steps that you would need to obtain this alloy with the following phase fractions at room temperature:
i. 100 % eta (η) phase
ii. 100 % beta (β) phase
iii. 50% martensite (M), 50% beta (β) phase
A lead-tin (Pb-Sn) alloy of composition 50 wt % Sn and 50 wt % Pb is slowly heated from a temperature of 100 °C. Refer to the phase diagram provided
in Figure 1 and answer the following.
(i) At what temperature does the first liquid phase form?
(ii) What is the composition of this liquid phase?
(iii) At what temperature does complete melting of the alloy occur?
(iv) What is the composition of the last solid remaining prior to complete melting?
Composition (at% Sn)
20
40
60
80
100
327°C
600
300
Liquid
500
232°C
a + L
200
B+L
1400
183°C
18.3
61.9
97.8
300
100
a + B
200
H100
20
40
60
80
100
(Pb)
Composition (wt% Sn)
(Sn)
Figure 1. Lead (Pb) and Tin (Sn) Phase diagram
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°F)
Use the phase diagrams for Cu-Ni and Cu-Ag systems below to answer the question:
Based on the mechanism, would you expect a solution containing 80 wt% Cu to be stronger if the remaining 20% of the alloy was Ni or Ag? Briefly explain
Chapter 8 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 8.15 - Define (a) a phase in a material and (b) a phase...Ch. 8.15 - In the pure water pressure-temperature equilibrium...Ch. 8.15 - How many triple points are there in the pure iron...Ch. 8.15 - Write the equation for the Gibbs phase rule and...Ch. 8.15 - Refer to the pressuretemperature equilibrium phase...Ch. 8.15 - (a) What is a cooling curve? (b) What type of...Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 7KCPCh. 8.15 - What is an alloy? What is the difference between...Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 9KCPCh. 8.15 - What is the significance of the liquidus curve?...
Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 11KCPCh. 8.15 - Prob. 12KCPCh. 8.15 - Prob. 13KCPCh. 8.15 - Describe the mechanism that produces the...Ch. 8.15 - Can coring and surrounding occur in a...Ch. 8.15 - What is a monotectic invariant reaction? How is...Ch. 8.15 - Write equations for the following invariant...Ch. 8.15 - How are eutectic and eutectoid reactions similar?...Ch. 8.15 - Distinguish between (a) a terminal phase and (b)...Ch. 8.15 - Distinguish between (a) an intermediate phase and...Ch. 8.15 - What is the difference between a congruently...Ch. 8.15 - Consider an alloy containing 70 wt% Ni and 30 wt%...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the binary eutectic coppersilver phase...Ch. 8.15 - If 500 g of a 40 wt% Ag60 wt% Cu alloy is slowly...Ch. 8.15 - A lead-tin (PbSn) alloy consists of 60 wt%...Ch. 8.15 - A PbSn alloy (Fig. 8.12) contains 40 wt% and 60...Ch. 8.15 - An alloy of 30 wt% Pb70 wt% Sn is slowly cooled...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the binary peritectic iridiumosmium phase...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the binary peritectic iridiumosmium phase...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the binary peritectic iridiumosmium phase...Ch. 8.15 - In the copperlead (CuPb) system (Fig. 8.24) for an...Ch. 8.15 - For an alloy of Cu70 wt% Pb (Fig. 8.24), determine...Ch. 8.15 - What is the average composition (weight percent)...Ch. 8.15 - Consider an Fe4.2 wt% Ni alloy (Fig. 8.17) that is...Ch. 8.15 - Consider an Fe5.0 wt% Ni alloy (Fig. 8.17) that is...Ch. 8.15 - Determine the weight percent and composition in...Ch. 8.15 - Determine the composition in weight percent of the...Ch. 8.15 - Draw, schematically, the liquidus and the solidus...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the CuZn phase diagram of Figure 8.26. a....Ch. 8.15 - Consider the nickelvanadium phase diagram of...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the titaniumaluminum phase diagram of...Ch. 8.15 - What is the composition of point y in Figure...Ch. 8.15 - In Figure 8.12, determine the degree of freedom,...Ch. 8.15 - The cooling curve of an unknown metal shows a...Ch. 8.15 - In the PbSn phase diagram (Fig. 8.12), answer the...Ch. 8.15 - Based on the CuAg phase diagram in Figure P8.23,...Ch. 8.15 - Based on the PdAg phase diagram in Figure EP 8.3,...Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 49SEPCh. 8.15 - Derive the lever rule for the amount in weight...Ch. 8.15 - Based on the AlNi phase diagram given in Figure...Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 52SEPCh. 8.15 - Based on the Al2O3SiO2 phase diagram in Figure...Ch. 8.15 - (a) Design a CuNi alloy that will be completely...Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 55SEPCh. 8.15 - Given that Pb and Sn have similar tensile...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the sugarwater phase diagram shown in...Ch. 8.15 - In Figure P8.57, if 60 g of water and 140 g of...Ch. 8.15 - In Figure P8.57, if 30 g of water and 170 g of...Ch. 8.15 - At 80C, if the wt% of sugar is 80%, (a) what...Ch. 8.15 - (a) Based on the phase diagram in Figure P8.61,...Ch. 8.15 - Referring to Figure P8.61. explain what happens as...Ch. 8.15 - Referring to Figure P8.61, (a) explain what...Ch. 8.15 - Using Figure P8.40, explain what the phase diagram...Ch. 8.15 - Using Figure P8.40. explain why, according to the...Ch. 8.15 - (a) In the TiAl phase diagram. Figure P8.42, what...Ch. 8.15 - Draw an approximate hypothetical phase diagram for...Ch. 8.15 - Draw the hypothetical phase diagram for a binary...
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- A lead-tin (Pb-Sn) alloy of composition 30 wt % Sn and 70 wt % Pb is slowly heated from a temperature of 140 OC. Refer to the phase diagram provided in Figure 1 and answer the following. (i) At what temperature does the first liquid phase form? (ii) What is the composition of this liquid phase? (iii) At what temperature does complete melting of the alloy occur? (iv) What is the composition of the last solid remaining prior to complete melting?arrow_forwardfind the relative amounts (in terms of mass fractions) of the phases for the following alloys and temperature: 90 wt% Zn-10 wt% Cu at 400°C.arrow_forwardA 80%Sn-20%Pb alloy is melted fully at 300°C and then slowly cooled down to 182°C. Sketch the microstructures at 300°C, 200°C, and 182°C, respectively. Label all phases and indicate their approximate compositions. Also, determine the follows for this alloy at 182°C. (1) The weight fractions of α and β phases.(2) The weight fractions of primary β and eutectic structure.(3) The weight fraction of eutectic β .arrow_forward
- BINARY PHASE DIAGRAMS Please only answer parts d and e as the rest have been solved. Show full detailed explanation to answers with diagrams if necessary a)(i) What is the melting point of pure Mg?(ii) What is the maximum solubility of Mg in Pb and at what temperaturedoes this occur? (b) A 50 wt.% Pb-50wt% Mg alloy is slowly cooled from 700 °C to 400 °C.(i) At what temperature does the first solid phase form?(ii) What is the composition of this solid phase?(iii) At what temperature does all the liquid solidify?(iv) What is the composition of the last remaining liquid phase?(v) What is the freezing range? (c) What is the mass fraction of solid and liquid of a 60 wt.% Mg alloy at atemperature of 500 °C.(d) Draw and label the microstructure of an 80 wt.% Mg alloy at 600 °C.(e) A Mg-Pb alloy of mass 5.5 kg has a composition just slightly below thesolubility limit of 200 °C.(i) What mass of lead is in the alloy?(ii) If the alloy is heated to 350 °C how much more lead can be dissolvedin…arrow_forwarda. Determine the composition of each phase in a Cu-40% Ni alloy at 1300°C, 1270°C, 1250°C, and 1200°C. b. Calculate the amounts of α and L at 1250°C in the Cu-40% Ni alloyarrow_forwardPhase Diagram A/ The lead and tin are partially dissolved in each other in solid state although they completely dissolved in liguid state. They form eutectic from solid solutions alfa (a) and beta (B) at alloying composition 62% tin and 38% lead, the eutectic forming temperature is 184oC. Alfa contained 20% tin dissolved in 80% lead at 1840C while beta consist of lead dissolved in tin at 1840C. If the 100 g of eutectic contained 45.5 g of alfa at 1840C. The melting temperatures of lead and tin are 3290C and 2320C respectively, and the solubility of tin and lead in each other's diminished to zero at room temperature. Plot the phase diagram for lead- tin system label all phases and temperature. Show graphically the temperature of the formation of the first solid for 42% lead alloyarrow_forward
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Material Science, Phase Diagrams, Part 1; Author: Welt der Werkstoffe;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G83ZaoB3XCc;License: Standard Youtube License