Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 8.15, Problem 61SEP
(a) Based on the phase diagram in Figure P8.61, explain why city workers throw rock salt on icy roads, (b) Based on the same diagram, suggest a process that would produce almost pure water from seawater (3 wt% salt).
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 8.15 - Define (a) a phase in a material and (b) a phase...Ch. 8.15 - In the pure water pressure-temperature equilibrium...Ch. 8.15 - How many triple points are there in the pure iron...Ch. 8.15 - Write the equation for the Gibbs phase rule and...Ch. 8.15 - Refer to the pressuretemperature equilibrium phase...Ch. 8.15 - (a) What is a cooling curve? (b) What type of...Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 7KCPCh. 8.15 - What is an alloy? What is the difference between...Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 9KCPCh. 8.15 - What is the significance of the liquidus curve?...
Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 11KCPCh. 8.15 - Prob. 12KCPCh. 8.15 - Prob. 13KCPCh. 8.15 - Describe the mechanism that produces the...Ch. 8.15 - Can coring and surrounding occur in a...Ch. 8.15 - What is a monotectic invariant reaction? How is...Ch. 8.15 - Write equations for the following invariant...Ch. 8.15 - How are eutectic and eutectoid reactions similar?...Ch. 8.15 - Distinguish between (a) a terminal phase and (b)...Ch. 8.15 - Distinguish between (a) an intermediate phase and...Ch. 8.15 - What is the difference between a congruently...Ch. 8.15 - Consider an alloy containing 70 wt% Ni and 30 wt%...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the binary eutectic coppersilver phase...Ch. 8.15 - If 500 g of a 40 wt% Ag60 wt% Cu alloy is slowly...Ch. 8.15 - A lead-tin (PbSn) alloy consists of 60 wt%...Ch. 8.15 - A PbSn alloy (Fig. 8.12) contains 40 wt% and 60...Ch. 8.15 - An alloy of 30 wt% Pb70 wt% Sn is slowly cooled...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the binary peritectic iridiumosmium phase...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the binary peritectic iridiumosmium phase...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the binary peritectic iridiumosmium phase...Ch. 8.15 - In the copperlead (CuPb) system (Fig. 8.24) for an...Ch. 8.15 - For an alloy of Cu70 wt% Pb (Fig. 8.24), determine...Ch. 8.15 - What is the average composition (weight percent)...Ch. 8.15 - Consider an Fe4.2 wt% Ni alloy (Fig. 8.17) that is...Ch. 8.15 - Consider an Fe5.0 wt% Ni alloy (Fig. 8.17) that is...Ch. 8.15 - Determine the weight percent and composition in...Ch. 8.15 - Determine the composition in weight percent of the...Ch. 8.15 - Draw, schematically, the liquidus and the solidus...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the CuZn phase diagram of Figure 8.26. a....Ch. 8.15 - Consider the nickelvanadium phase diagram of...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the titaniumaluminum phase diagram of...Ch. 8.15 - What is the composition of point y in Figure...Ch. 8.15 - In Figure 8.12, determine the degree of freedom,...Ch. 8.15 - The cooling curve of an unknown metal shows a...Ch. 8.15 - In the PbSn phase diagram (Fig. 8.12), answer the...Ch. 8.15 - Based on the CuAg phase diagram in Figure P8.23,...Ch. 8.15 - Based on the PdAg phase diagram in Figure EP 8.3,...Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 49SEPCh. 8.15 - Derive the lever rule for the amount in weight...Ch. 8.15 - Based on the AlNi phase diagram given in Figure...Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 52SEPCh. 8.15 - Based on the Al2O3SiO2 phase diagram in Figure...Ch. 8.15 - (a) Design a CuNi alloy that will be completely...Ch. 8.15 - Prob. 55SEPCh. 8.15 - Given that Pb and Sn have similar tensile...Ch. 8.15 - Consider the sugarwater phase diagram shown in...Ch. 8.15 - In Figure P8.57, if 60 g of water and 140 g of...Ch. 8.15 - In Figure P8.57, if 30 g of water and 170 g of...Ch. 8.15 - At 80C, if the wt% of sugar is 80%, (a) what...Ch. 8.15 - (a) Based on the phase diagram in Figure P8.61,...Ch. 8.15 - Referring to Figure P8.61. explain what happens as...Ch. 8.15 - Referring to Figure P8.61, (a) explain what...Ch. 8.15 - Using Figure P8.40, explain what the phase diagram...Ch. 8.15 - Using Figure P8.40. explain why, according to the...Ch. 8.15 - (a) In the TiAl phase diagram. Figure P8.42, what...Ch. 8.15 - Draw an approximate hypothetical phase diagram for...Ch. 8.15 - Draw the hypothetical phase diagram for a binary...
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- The slope of the melting curve of methane (CH4) is given by dP dT = (0.08446 bar/K1.85). 70.85 (yes, the exponents are all correct!) from the triple point to arbitrary temperatures. (a) Using the fact that the temperature and pressure of the triple point are 90.68 K and 0.1174 bars, calculate the melting pressure (in bars) of methane at 95 K. (Hint: You will need to integrate to obtain the correct pressure!) (b) For this same system, at what temperature would the melting point occur when the pressure is 24.8 bars?arrow_forwardFor two hypotetical materials which have limitless solubility for both in the “liquid” and “solid” states in each other, the following data are listed. Melting Temperatures of material A and B are Tm,A and Tm,B respectively, Liquidus and Solidus curves are circular arcs. a- Draw the related “Phase Diagram” of Material A and Material B showing the data given and calculated. b- Calculate/Determine the compositions of phases at T2 , explain the procedure. c- Calculate/Determine the “percentages” of “phases” of Alloy,2 at T2 , explain the procedure. Given: -Tm,A, Celcius =300 -Tm,B, Celcius =800 -T1, Celcius =600 -B percentage of Liquid phase at T1 =25 -B percentage of Solid phase at T1 =70 -B percentage of Alloy 2. =50 -T2, Celcius =650 -B percentage of Liquid phase of Alloy 2 at T2 = to be calculated -B percentage of Solid phase of Alloy 2 at T2 = to be calculatedarrow_forward3) You see Al-Cu phase diagram below and two microstructures (A and B) having the same nominal composition of 3 percent Cu. In these microstructures, matrix is a and spheres refer to CuAl₂ particles. In A and B, the size of big particles are the same. a) For the same volume constant, if we heat treat the both microstructures at T₁ for a long time, is there any changes in both microstructures? If so, what is that? And is the changes the same for both A and B? Is the rate of changes the same for A and B? Draw the final microstructures of A and B if any changes occur you think so. Temperature a AI 2 I 4 a +CuAl2 1 6 Copper,% CuAl2 αarrow_forward
- Consider Cu - Ag Phase diagram below: 1200 A -Liquidus 1000 Liquid -Solidus 779°C (TE) 800 Temperature (°C) 600 400 a C 200 0 B 8.0 (Cag) Solvus a +L a + ß E 71.9 (CE) B+L 91.2 (CBE) B H 1 1 1 1 1 { ( L 20 40 60 80 100 (Cu) Composition (wt% Ag) (Ag) Consider 71.9% Ag-28.1% Cu, which is cooled below 779°C. What is the composition of the phases present just below 779°C and give the amount of beta phase presentarrow_forwardImagine a substance with the following points on the phase diagram: a triple point at .5 atm and -5ºC; a normal melting point at 20ºC; normal boiling point at 150ºC; and a critical point at 5 atm and 1000ºC. The solid liquid line is “normal” (meaning positive sloping). For this, complete the following: 1. Describe what one would see at pressures and temperatures above 5 atm and 1000ºC. 2. Describe what will happen to the substance when it begins in a vacuum at -15 ºC and is slowly pressurized. 3. Describe the phase changes from -80ºC to 500ºC at 2 atm.arrow_forwardFigure 2 refers to the phase diagram for silver and tin. Label the regions (1) to (5) Temperature, 0/°C 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Liquid 2 Ag,Sn 60 a 20 40 80 Mass percentage Ag/% 100 Question 6: What will be observed when liquids of composition of 40% Ag are cooled to 200 K? When will it begin to precipitate? When will it become solid?arrow_forward
- (a) Sketch a Pressure-Temperature phase diagram for a pure substance X where liquid X is less dense than solid X. Insert an isobar at 1 atm and an isotherm at 300 K. Clearly label all physical states, triple point, critical temperature and any normal transition temperatures.arrow_forwardIf 20000 g of steam is condensed in 2 x 10^6 cm³ at a pressure of 4 MPa a. What is the temperature (C)? b. In what state steam? c. Draw it in the form of a phase diagram that you knowarrow_forwardGiven a blank phase diagram, label the solid, liquid, and gas phases for a pure substance. Give the approximate temp. and pressure of the triple point, and determine what the substance's phase would be at a given temperature and pressure. Can you provide an example?arrow_forward
- Consider the phase diagram below. The three points A, B, and C are at concentrations of 27, 31.9, and 33.8 wt% Ni respectively. The ends of the tie line are at C1 = 25% wt% Ni and C2 = 35 wt% Ni. What are the weight fractions of the alpha phase at A and the L phase at B, as well as the alpha phase/L phase ratio at C? T(°C) 1300-L (liquid) 1200 20 ABC L + a C1 30 S C2 liquidus 40 L + a solidus α (solid). O a. Walpha=0.12; WL=0.41; Walpha/WL = 9.41 O b. Walpha=0.27; WL-0.26; Walpha/WL = 11.11 O c. Walpha=0.15; WL-0.26; Walpha/WL = 11.80 Od. Walpha=0.20; WL-0.31; Walpha/WL = 7.33 50 wt% Niarrow_forwardConsider the phase diagram below. The three points A, B, and C are at concentrations of 26.4, 31.3, and 34 wt% Ni respectively. The ends of the tie line are at C1 = 25% wt% Ni and C2 = 35 wt% Ni. What are the weight fractions of the alpha phase at A and the L phase at B, as well as the alpha phase/L phase ratio at C? T(°C) 1300 L (liquid) 1200 20 A B C L + a C1 S liquidus L + a solidus a (solid) 50 wt% Ni a. Walpha=0.21; WL=0.33; Walpha/WL = 13.17 b. Walpha=0.09; WL=0.32; Walpha/WL = 15.00 c. Walpha=0.07; WL=0.46; Walpha/WL = 11.17 d. Walpha=0.14; WL=0.37; Walpha/WL = 9.00arrow_forwardQ3) For the figure shown below: a- Give the name for this type of phase diagram, and did the metal Pb soluble in metal Sn? If it's not give the reason. b- Pointed the phases for this diagram. c- Draw the cooling curve for each of pure metals and alloys (40% Sn- 60% Pb), (62%Sn- 38%Pb), d- Determine the weight percentages of the phases for (20% Sn -80% Pb) at 200 C° by using lever rule. e- What is the main reaction for this diagram and at which temperature the reaction will happened? 350 327 300 250 232 200 183 150 100 50 60 Sn percentage % 10 20 30 40 50 70 80 90 100 62%Sn- 38 Pb ↑arrow_forward
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