Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 48.2, Problem 2CC
WHAT IF? → Suppose a cell's membrane potential shifts from -70 mV to -50 mV. What changes in the cell's permeability to K+ or Na+could cause such a shift?
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Calculate the free energy changes at 20°C for the transmembrane movement of Na and K ions using the conditions presented
Figure 9.1. Assume the membrane potential is -70 mV. Use 3 significant figures.
AG (Na) -
AG (K) =
kJ. mol ¹
kJ mol2
A
The resting membrane potential is established by?
The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell
The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping K+ into the cell and Na+ out of the cell
A larger diffusion of K+ out of the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ into the cell
A larger diffusion of K+ into the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ out of the cell
a) and d)
b) and c)
Suppose that certain cells found in an organism are permeable to both CI" and Kt ions but no other ions at rest. The intra- and extracellular concentrations of both ions for these cells
are shown below. The resting membrane potential is -75 mV. Assume that passage of both ions across the membrane occurs through ion channels that are selective for each ion.
[Intracellular] [Extracellular]
CI
4 mM
110 mM
K+
25 mM
100 mM
Based on this information, what reasonable conclusion can you draw about the relative permeabilities of K* and CI" ions in these neurons at rest based on what we discussed?
а.
The membrane is more permeable to chloride ions than to potassium ions at rest.
b.
The membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than to chloride ions at rest.
С.
At rest, the membrane potential of these neurons lies closer to the potassium equilibrium potential (EK) than it does to the chloride equilibrium potential (ECI).
d.
Both a and c
е.
Both b and c
Chapter 48 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 48.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 48.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 48.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cell's membrane potential...Ch. 48.2 - MAKE CONNECTiONS Review Figure 7.10, which...Ch. 48.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 48.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 48.3 - How do both negative and positive feedback...Ch. 48.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the...Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48 - How would severing an axon affect the flow of...Ch. 48 - Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 48.3CRCh. 48 - Prob. 48.4CRCh. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Where are neurotransmitter receptors located? (A)...Ch. 48 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is the most direct result...Ch. 48 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 48 - WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 48 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 48 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION An action potential is an...Ch. 48 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 48 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 °C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.10 M on the “right side” and 0.01 M on the “left side”, given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (-). (a) Membrane permeable only to Na+ (b) Membrane permeable only to Cl– (c) Membrane equally permeable to both ionsarrow_forwardCalculate the maximum ratio that can be achieved by the plasma membrane Na+-glucose symporter of an epithelial cell when [Na+]in is 12 mM, [Na+]out is 145 mM, the membrane potential is −50 mV (inside negative), and the temperature is 37 °C.arrow_forwardSuppose calcium ion is maintained within an organelle at a concentration1000 times greater than outside the organelle (T = 37 °C). Assuming the membrane is permeable to Ca2+, what is the contribution of Ca2+ to the membrane potential? Which side of the organelle membrane is positive, and which is negative?arrow_forward
- What is the free energy change for the transport of calcium ions (Ca++) across a membrane from a region (left) where the concentration is 50 micromolar to a region (right) where the concentration is 50 micromolar? A membrane potential of 60 mV exists across the membrane where the right side is more negative than the left side. The temperature is 25 C.arrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential…A) Can be approximated using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation.B) Represents a difference in charges across the cell membrane, resulting mostly from the passive flow of Na+ions.C) Has no influence on the driving force that acts on different ions across the cell membrane.D) Is equally dependent on the concentration gradients of potassium and sodium across the cell membrane.E) Becomes hyperpolarized during an excitatory graded potential.arrow_forwardConsidering this graph of membrane potential, what is most likely occurring during the period indicated by the green box?arrow_forward
- Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−). Membrane permeable only to Cl−.arrow_forwardSimilarly, what will be the effect on membrane potential if Cl- ions move into a cell?arrow_forwardSuppose that a plant cell membrane is permeable with Na*, CI ions and H20, but not with proteins. In addition, it is assumed that 0.05 M Nacl aqueous solution is present outside the cell membrane, and 0.001 M of protein (P) is present inside. The protein is ionized to p, z = 20, and the opposite ion is CI". From this, calculate the theft potential that occurs between the cell membrane and the external solution in equilibrium. Assume that the activity coefficient of all ions is 1.0.arrow_forward
- Calculate the energy required for, or released in, a transport of 20 Na+ ions and of 100 molecules of glucose into a biological cell at 37 oC if the membrane potential is –50 mV (negative inside the cell), the concentrations of Na+ and glucose inside the cell are 0.001mol L-1 and 0.01mol L-1 consequently and the concentrations of Na+ and glucose outside of the cell are 0.1mol L-1 and 0.001mol L-1 consequently.arrow_forwardIn the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na* is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentra- tion is 1 µM to a region where it is 100 mM? (Assume T = 37 °C.) (a) In the absence of a membrane potential. (b) When the transport is opposed by a membrane potential of 70 mV. (c) In cach case, will hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP suffice to drive the trans- port of 1 mole of ion, assuming pH 7.4 and the following cytoplamic concentrations: ATP= 4.60 mM, P = 5.10 mM, ADP = 310 µM?arrow_forwardSuppose that the concentration of CI outside the cell is 100 and inside the cell is 10 mmol/liter. The Nernst equation at 20°C is: Eton = 58 millivolts/z- [10810 (m)] [lonlin You set the membrane voltage at 0 millivolts using a voltage clamp, and measure membrane current. If Cl is the only ion crossing the membrane, you would expect to see: Onegative charges flowing into the cell negative charges flow out of the cell 0 current the membrane hyperpolarizes (becomes more negative)arrow_forward
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The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license