Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 48, Problem 12TYU
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay (100-150 words), describe how the structure and electrical properties of vertebrate neurons reflect similarities and differences with other animal cells.
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Please provide approximately one paragraph b them discuss the following two questions about neurons.
Question 1: Is there a relationship between the morphology (shape) and function of a neuron?
Question 2: Many neurons differ in appearance due to the number of dendrites they have. What would be the advantage to a neuron to have multiple dendrites?
Identify and label the following structures on the neuron model figure below: cell body, dendrites,
neuron nucleus, neurolemma, axon hillock, nucleus of Schwann cell, Nissl bodies, myelin sheath,
axon, node of Ranvier, axon terminals (of neurons synapsing with model neuron), endoneurium (refer
to Figure 10.6).
3)
11
Chapter 48 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 48.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 48.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 48.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cell's membrane potential...Ch. 48.2 - MAKE CONNECTiONS Review Figure 7.10, which...Ch. 48.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 48.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 48.3 - How do both negative and positive feedback...Ch. 48.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the...Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48 - How would severing an axon affect the flow of...Ch. 48 - Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 48.3CRCh. 48 - Prob. 48.4CRCh. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Where are neurotransmitter receptors located? (A)...Ch. 48 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is the most direct result...Ch. 48 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 48 - WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 48 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 48 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION An action potential is an...Ch. 48 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 48 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Match the neuron structure with its correct function or description. 1. Structure that receives stimuli and carries impulses to the cell body Grey matter 2. Part of the neuron that releases a chemical transmitter across the synapse + Myelin sheath 3. Cells that protect, nourish, and defend neurons + White matter 4. Structure that contains the neuron's nucleus and is the site of the neuron's cell metabolism : Synapse 5. The gap between two myelin sheaths that allows faster conduction of action potential 6. Lipid, fatty insulating layer around some axons that protects the neurons and speeds the impulses along the neuron + Dendrite 7. Unmyelinated neurons in the CNS + Axon 8. Structure that transmits impulses away from the cell body to another neuron, the muscles, or glands Axon terminal 9. Myelinated neurons in the CNS Cell body 10. The gap or junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle Node of Ranvier * Glial cellarrow_forwardDraw a basic animal cell (include the nucleus). Add and label the following: Dendrites Dendritic spines Axon hillock Axon Axon terminals/ synaptic boutons myelin What are the functions of each structure you added? What direction does information travel within a single neuron?arrow_forwardThe image attached below depicts a histological slice of human cerebral cortex tissue.Using knowledge of the central nervous system and various cell-cell interactions, identify thekey type(s) of cell junctions present in this image (for example, tight junctions, gap junctions, and adherens junctions/desmosomes). Briefly describe the function of these celljunctions. How would the function of the central nervous system be impaired if your above identified celljunctions were disrupted?arrow_forward
- View an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a myelinated nerve fiber image below. The axon contains microtubules and neurofilaments, bounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma. Outside the plasma membrane of the axon is the myelin sheath, which is composed of the tightly wrapped plasma membrane of a Schwann cell. What aspects of the cells in this image react with the stain that makes them the deep, dark, black color, such as the multiple layers that are the myelin sheath?arrow_forwardUse what you know about the physiology of neurons to answer the following questions. Treat questions a- c as unrelated to each other. a. Imagine that a toxin creates pores in a neuron that are permeable to Na*. Describe its immediate effect on the resting potential: identify which ions diffuse across the membrane, which direction they diffuse (and why), and whether this brings the neuron closer to or further from its threshold potential. b. Imagine that a toxin makes K* leak channels more permeable to K* ions. Describe its immediate effect on the resting potential: identify which ions diffuse across the membrane, which direction they diffuse (and why), and whether this depolarizes or hyperpolarizes the neuron. c. Imagine that in a different neuron, voltage-gated K" channels open quickly, only 0.3ms after voltage-gated Na channels. Predict changes in timing, amplitude and shape of an AP by drawing one labeled diagram comparing a normal AP (solid line) to your AP (dashed line), and…arrow_forwardLabel the structures in the following diagram of a neuron. !arrow_forward
- Short FRQ The figure below illustrates a generic model of neurotransmitter secretion and reception across a synapse. receptor axon- vesicle presynaptic neuron B synaptic space Respond in complete sentences. postsynaptic neuron A model of chemical signaling across a synapse. (b) Explain the direction of the nerve impulse. nerve impulse (a) Describe the structure of the neuron synapse using proper vocabulary. transporter -neuro transmitter -dendritearrow_forwardGlial cells take care of neurons. Review the different types of glial cells by matching each description with the appropriate cell. You may use answers more than once. 1. Wrap around axons in the CNS: 2. Wrap around axons in the PNS: 3. Regulate exchange of substances with capillaries and control interstitial space: 4. Surround, regulate, and protect cell bodies of neurons in the PNS: 5. Tiny macrophages that engulf unwanted substances and keep the CNS "clean": 6. Provide a supportive network: 7. Help produce cerebrospinal fluid at choroid plexus:arrow_forwardView the University of Michigan Webscope (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervefiber) to see an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a myelinated nerve fiber. The axon contains microtubules and neurofilaments, bounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma. Outside the plasma membrane of the axon is the myelin sheath, which is composed of the tightly wrapped plasma membrane of a Schwann cell. What aspects of the cells in this image react with the stain that makes them the deep, dark, black color, such as the multiple layers that are the myelin sheath?arrow_forward
- Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervetissue3) to learn about how nervous tissue is composed of neurons and glial cells. The neurons are dynamic cells with the ability to make a vast number of connections and to respond incredibly quickly to stimuli and to initiate movements based on those stimuli. They are the focus of intense research as failures in physiology can lead to devastating illnesses. Why are neurons only found in animals? Based on what this article says about neuron function, why wouldnt they be helpful for plants or microorganisms?arrow_forwardPlease note these are all one question group and should be answered as such! Which of the following statements accurately defines epineurium? A. Fluid-filled space at a synapse through which neurotransmitters diffuse B. A vesicle containing neurotransmitters in the axon terminal of a neuron C. The CT sheath that binds together the groups of fascicles, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels in a peripheral nerve D. The branch of the ANS that adapts the body for rest and digestion Which of the following statements accurately defines sacral plexus? A. The ventral rami of C1–C4 (and a small contribution from C5) that serve the head and neck B. The ventral rami of L1–L4 that serve the pelvis and lower limb C. The ventral rami of C5–T1 that serve the upper limb D. The ventral rami of L4–S4 that serve the pelvis and lower limbarrow_forwardstructures in the following diagram of a neuron. ?do itarrow_forward
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