Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 48, Problem 7TYU
WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some cultures to poison hunting arrows, disables the sodium-potassium pump. What change in the resting potential would you expect to see if you treated a neuron with ouabain? Explain,
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WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodiumchannels to remain inactivated longer after an actionpotential. How would this affect the frequency at whichaction potentials could be generated? Explain.
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If one increases the intracellular concentration of Na+ around a neuron, what would happen to the resting membrane potential?
I am not sure
No effect
Becomes more positive
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A hypothetical neuronal cell shows the following intracellular and extracellular concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions.
Extracellular concentration (mM)
Intracellular concentration (mM)
(Ion)out/ (Ion)inside
E ion at 37 oC
Sodium ion
420
60
Potassium ion
25
420
Calcium ion
16
0.4
Chloride
565
45
How does increase in the extracellular potassium concentration to 250 mM affect the Nernst potential? Why?
Chapter 48 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 48.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 48.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 48.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cell's membrane potential...Ch. 48.2 - MAKE CONNECTiONS Review Figure 7.10, which...Ch. 48.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 48.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 48.3 - How do both negative and positive feedback...Ch. 48.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the...Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48 - How would severing an axon affect the flow of...Ch. 48 - Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 48.3CRCh. 48 - Prob. 48.4CRCh. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Where are neurotransmitter receptors located? (A)...Ch. 48 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is the most direct result...Ch. 48 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 48 - WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 48 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 48 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION An action potential is an...Ch. 48 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 48 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYU
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Please ASAP. Thanku If one increases the intracellular concentration of Na+ around a neuron, what would happen to the resting membrane potential? Ion Extracellular Concentration (mM) Intracellular Concentration (mM) Na+ 440 50 K+ 20 400 Cl- 560 52 Ca++ 10 1 I am not sure No effect Becomes more positive Less positivearrow_forwardAction Potential of Neurons Worksheet 1. Explain how an action potential and graded potential are different. Where do they occur on a neuron? How long does each last? What kind of gates is each process using? 2. Describe the following in your own words a. resting potential C. hyperpolarization e. threshold 9. 3. What triggers an action potential? What happens to the membrane to trigger an action potential? 4. What is a positive feedback loop? How does a neuron create a positive feedback loop (self- propagation) 5. What is the role of the voltage-gated sodium channels for producing an action potential? 6. What is the role of the voltage-gated potassium channels? 7. What would happen if the voltage gated sodium channels a. Never opened? b. Stayed open longer than normal? 8. What is the absolute refractory period? What is the relative refractory period? Consider the following three diagrams of a nerve cell membrane. They show resting potential, depolarization, and hyperpolarization.…arrow_forward3 If an axon ([Na+]in = 200 mM) is bathed in solution consisting of [Na+]out = 10 mM, will there be an action potential if a supra-threshold stimulus (changed Vm to -20 mV with opening of Na channels) is injected into the axon?arrow_forward
- Consider the circuit from Q5 (above). We want to add another inhibitory neuron to this circuit to increase the likelihood that neuron D will have an action potential. With which cell (A, B, C or D) should our new inhibitory neuron make a synapse to make it more likely that the post - synaptic neuron will have anaction potential?The diagram below shows a simple neural circuit with three pre - synaptic cells labelled 'A', 'B' and 'C', and a post - synaptic cell labelled 'D ' (see image below). Assume neurons A and B each have outputs of +2 and neuron C has output of -1.arrow_forwardmembrane potential -70mV time Which of the statements below describe a situation in which the change in membrane potential above could cause the firing of an action potential? Select all that apply. If the potential is counteracted by an IPSP. If the neuron is in the relative refractory period. If the potential is strong enough to bring the axon hillock to threshold. If the potential is supplemented by a simultaneous (or near- simultaneous) EPSP.arrow_forwardQuick question on the process of movement Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the peripheral neurons lose their myelin sheath. In this disease, voluntary movement of the limbs is slowed because; Pick the ones that are true the rate of opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels is decreased. the generation of the action potential is blocked at points along the unmyelinated region due to the absence of voltage-gated channels the action potential amplitude is degraded at the Nodes of Ranvier of the peripheral neuron. The Schwann cells are targeted and destroyed by the immune system, affecting saltatory propagation. the rate of opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels is decreased.arrow_forward
- voltmeter microelectrode electrode Giant squid axon A voltmeter was used to measure the potential difference across the cell membrane of a giant squid axon. Which of the following best explains the voltmeter reading? Select one: a. The threshold potential has not been reached. b. The sodium potassium exchange pumps are working to take out the sodium ions and bring in the potassium ions. c. The potassium ions have rushed out of the axon, and the potassium channels are slow to shut down. d. The sodium ions have rushed into the axon, and the sodium channels are closing.arrow_forwardCompound X has been shown to block voltage-gated K+ channels with an IC50 of 0.1 mM. Which of the following is the most likely to occur in neurones following application of 0.03 mM X? Action potentials would be prolonged and the resting potential would be depolarised. Action potentials would be prolonged but the resting potential would remain the same. Neither resting potential nor action potentials would be affected because the concentration of X is less than the IC50 value. The resting membrane potential would depolarise but there would be no effect on action potentials.arrow_forwardIn terms of Na and K ion gradient /movement - what causes the action potential (positive charge peak) inside the cell membrane? - What are the approximate Na and K concentration changes (mMoles) during /after the action potential and what is the directional move of each ion in relation to the cell membrane? - What is the duration of an action potential ? or....over what period of time does the peak rise and fall ? - use proper units.arrow_forward
- Action Refractory potential period 50 6. 50 9. 5. -10. -100 2 3 4 Time (milliseconds) 1 5 6 7 Action Potential in a Neuron Place the number from the graph that matches the description in the blank below. The voltage gated sodium channels are open. The threshold level of the neuron is represented by the number: The sodium channels have closed. The potassium channels are open and potassium ions are flowing out. The potassium channels are slow to close. The membrane potential is more negative than the resting membrane potential. Membrane Potential (mV)arrow_forwardA theoretical drug blocks Na* leak channels - what effect would this have on a neuron's resting membrane potential and why? Would this drug affect the neuron's ability to generate an action potential and why/why not?arrow_forwardConsider the brain and spinal neurons. If you bathed a resting neuron with an excess of potassium ions (for example, more than 40 times higher than normal), what would be the effect on resting membrane potential?arrow_forward
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