Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 48, Problem 48.4CR
Summary Introduction
To review: Why the drugs used in nervous system diseases are targeted against receptors rather than neurotransmitters.
Introduction:
Neurotransmitters or chemical messengers are the molecules that are available for the transmission of impulses from one neuron to another neuron, a muscle or a gland. It is released from the pre-synaptic cell and acts on the receptors that are present in the post-synaptic cell.
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Chapter 48 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 48.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 48.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 48.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cell's membrane potential...Ch. 48.2 - MAKE CONNECTiONS Review Figure 7.10, which...Ch. 48.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 48.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 48.3 - How do both negative and positive feedback...Ch. 48.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the...Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48 - How would severing an axon affect the flow of...Ch. 48 - Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 48.3CRCh. 48 - Prob. 48.4CRCh. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Where are neurotransmitter receptors located? (A)...Ch. 48 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is the most direct result...Ch. 48 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 48 - WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 48 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 48 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION An action potential is an...Ch. 48 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 48 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYU
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- It is possible to treat addiction by prescribing drugs that block the effects of the psychoactive substance. For example, naloxone blocks opiate receptors, reducing the pleasurable effects of opioids and alcohol. These types of treatments are called: A) agonist treatments. B) aversive treatments. C) antidrug vaccines. D) antagonist treatments.arrow_forwardName three families of drugs used to treat depression.arrow_forwardStudies have shown that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have lower than normal amounts of dopamine and norepinephrine excitatory neurotransmitters in their synapses. Methylphenidate is one of the drugs prescribed to individuals with ADHD. It prevents the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters from the synapses, thereby keeping these neurotransmitters in the synapses longer. Which of the following rows correctly identify the effects of methylphenidate in individuals with ADHD? Select one: a. There is an increase in the permeability of the presynaptic neuron to potassium ions. b. There is a increase in the permeability of the postsynaptic neuron to potassium ions. c. There is an increase in the permeability of the presynaptic neuron to sodium ions. d. There is a increase in the permeability of the postsynaptic neuron to sodium ions.arrow_forward
- We talked about drug effects on neurons in sequence. The effect of alcohol is multi-faceted and the following question asks you to apply your knowledge. Imagine two neurons in sequence. The presynaptic neuron is GABAnergic and the postsynaptic neuron is dopaminergic. The effects of alcohol are not fully understood but it does seem to inhibit GABAnergic neurons. How would the release of dopamine from the postsynaptic neuron change in this case? Explain your answer, being sure to make each connection between concepts clear. If alcohol instead inhibited dopaminernergic neurons, in what way might the ion flow change in the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron of this example?arrow_forwardWhat evidence supports the use of psychedelic drugs as a medical therapy and conditions might such drugs be useful in treating? What are the potential use of generally non-addictive psychedelics as treatment for certain conditions vs highly addictive opioids for others?arrow_forwardIt is possible to treat addiction by prescribing drugs that block the effects of the psychoactive substance. These types of treatments are called: A) agonist treatments. B) aversive treatments. C) antidrug vaccines. D) antagonist treatments.arrow_forward
- 1. Location of the following receptors. 2. Functions of these receptors 3. Neurotransmitters that work with these receptors 4. Most common drugs working with these receptors a) Adrenergic receptor b) Muscarinic receptors c) Serotonergic receptors d) GABA receptors e) Benzodiazepine receptors f) Cholinergic receptors g) Dopaminergic receptors h) Nicotinic receptors i) Opioid Receptorsarrow_forwardWhat are neurotransmitters ? Why are they used ?arrow_forwardCan drugs interact with several neurotransmitters at once, and how would they do so?arrow_forward
- 1) A drug that binds at the same site as the neurotransmitter and prevents the neurotransmitter from opening ion channels would be termed a(n) a) direct antagonist b) direct agonist c) indirect agonist d) indirect antagonist 2) A drug that binds at a site different from that of the neurotransmitter and opens ion channels would be termed a(n) a) direct antagonist b) direct agonist c) indirect agonist d) indirect antagonistarrow_forwardWhat are the two main ways in which drugs can interact with neurotransmitter systems?arrow_forwardSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs that can alleviate symptoms of depression by blocking the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) from the synaptic cleft, thereby increasing the amount of time that 5-HT remains active. Elevated levels of 5-HT within the synapse are associated with feelings of well-being; conversely, low levels of 5-HT are correlated with depressive symptoms. Recent studies have shown that SSRIs can also mediate their antidepressant effects by increasing brain levels of certain cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFNY). IFNY directly induces the expression of the protein p11 in neighboring neurons, which then interacts with 5-HTR4, a 5-HT transmembrane receptor. Figures 1 and 2 provide information about this interaction. 5-HTR4 protein (% of WT) expression CAMP levels (% change control) from 120T 100+ 80+ 60+ 40+ 20+ 0 MEM TOT Figure 1 5-HTR4 protein expression in plasma membrane-enriched fraction (MEM) of hippocampal lysate and in total hippocampal…arrow_forward
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