Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 4.8, Problem 9KCP
How can the grain size of a cast ingot be refined? How is grain refining accomplished industrially for aluminum alloy ingots?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
(d) Given that the grain size in a solid solution is determined according to the following expression:
= 22-1
where Ny is the average number of grains per square inch at a magnification of M, and n is the
ASTM grain size number. Carry out the following:
i.
Determine the ASTM grain size if 30 grains per square inch are measured at a magnificatio
100X.
ii.
Calculate the number of grains per square inch at a magnification of 75X.
4. Johnston and Gilman reported that in a grown LiF crystal that has been subjected to a constantstress of 10.8 MPa, the dislocation velocity at 249.1 K was 6×10-3 cm/s and at 227.3 K thevelocity was 10-6 cm/s. They also observed that their data suggested an Arrhenius relationshipbetween the dislocation velocity and the absolute temperature so that we can write? = ?exp ( ― ?/??)where v is the dislocation velocity, A is a constant of proportionality, Q an effective activationenergy in J/mol, and R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol.K). Determine Q and A usingthe given data and the above equation.
5. A typical cross-head speed in a tensile testing machine is 0.2 in./min.
(a) What is thenominal/engineering strain rate imposed by this cross-head speed on a typical engineering tensilespecimen with a 2 inch gauge length?
(b) Estimate the average dislocation velocity that would be obtained at this strain rate in analpha-iron specimen with a total dislocation density of 1010 cm-2 of…
At longer annealing times at appropriate temperatures, larger grains consume smaller ones. Summerize with justification if the statement is true or false? Schematics if drawn will be helpful {CLO-1, PLO-1} (10)
Chapter 4 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 1KCPCh. 4.8 - Define the homogeneous nucleation process for the...Ch. 4.8 - In the solidification of a pure metal, what are...Ch. 4.8 - In the solidification of a metal, what is the...Ch. 4.8 - During solidification, how does the degree of...Ch. 4.8 - Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous...Ch. 4.8 - Describe the grain structure of a metal ingot that...Ch. 4.8 - Distinguish between equiaxed and columnar grains...Ch. 4.8 - How can the grain size of a cast ingot be refined?...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 10KCP
Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 11KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 12KCPCh. 4.8 - Distinguish between a substitutional solid...Ch. 4.8 - What are the conditions that are favorable for...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 15KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 16KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 17KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 18KCPCh. 4.8 - Describe the structure of a grain boundary. Why...Ch. 4.8 - Describe and illustrate the following planar...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 21KCPCh. 4.8 - Describe the optical metallography technique. What...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 24KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 27KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 28KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 29KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 30KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 31KCPCh. 4.8 - Calculate the size (radius) of the critically...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 33AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 34AAPCh. 4.8 - Calculate the number of atoms in a critically...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 36AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 37AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 38AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 39AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 40AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 41AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 42AAPCh. 4.8 - Determine, by counting, the ASTM grain-size number...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 44AAPCh. 4.8 - For the grain structure in Problem 4.43, estimate...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 46AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 47SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 48SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 49SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 50SEPCh. 4.8 - In Chapter 3 (Example Problem 3.11), we calculated...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 52SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 53SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 54SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 55SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 56SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 57SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 58SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 59SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 60SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 61SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 62SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 63SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 64SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 65SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 66SEP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- For an ASTM grain size of 6, approximately how many grains would there be per square inch under each of the following conditions? (i) At a magnification of 100X (ii) Without any magnificationarrow_forwardUnder what high temperature circumstances is a very small grain size detrimental, and under what circumstances is it advantageous?arrow_forwardQuestions: Considering that the steel contains 0.1 – 0.8 wt% carbon by weight, how can you account for the high percentage of pearlite in the microstructure? (1) Hint: See Figure 3, the enlarged picture of pearlite and consider differences in atomic weight (Fe;C), and overall composition of pearlite. 20 μη From Metals Handbook, Vol.9, 9th edition, Metallography and Micrestructures, 1985. Heproduced by permission of ASM International, Materials Park, OH. Figure 3 High magnification micrograph of pearlitearrow_forward
- The yield strength for an alloy that has an average grain diameter of 4.1 × 10-2 mm is 131 MPa. At a grain diameter of 7.6 × 10-3 mm, the yield strength increases to 246 MPa. At what grain diameter, in mm, will the yield strength be 236 MPa?arrow_forwardThe flow stress of a coarse-grained dilute copper alloy increased from 2 to 55 MPa when the dislocation density was increased from a low value of 10 cm via cold working to a modest value of 100 cm2. Calculate the flow stress for this alloy when heavy cold working introduces a dislocation density of 10¹2 cm². An equation similar to the Hall-Petch equation has been proposed for dislocations, and is: Tflow To ka Paisl where Tflow is the flow stress (i.e., the force per unit area necessary to get plastic deformation), pdisi is the dislocation density (the dislocation line length per unit volume), and To and ka are constants for a given material. The easiest way to solve this problem is to put values into this equation twice, subtract one expression from the other, and solve for ka. Then enter your value of ka into either original equation to determine To. Keep track of units, and then solve the problem stated above.arrow_forwardThe minimum yield strength for iron with an average grain size of 6x10-²mm is 135 MPa, this increases to 260 MPa when the average grain size is reduced to 8x10-³ mm. What must the average grain size be to achieve a yield strength of 205 MPa.arrow_forward
- Explain how does the reduction of the grain size increase the strength of the single-phase metals?arrow_forward1. Dislocation density greatly increased by recrystallization II. Recrystallization is used to refine the grain structure of cold worked material III. Mechanical properties are restored to precold-worked state Which statement is/are true for recrystallization?arrow_forwardb) Estimate the yield stress of copper containing an array of equally spaced second phase precipitates, if the atomic radius for copper is 0.128 nm, the shear modulus G = 45 GPa, and the distance between the precipitates, through which the dislocations must pass is L = 0.1um tbL Dislocation Precipitate tbL Tarrow_forward
- The yield strength for an alloy that has an average grain diameter of 1.6 × 10-2 mm is 320 MPa. At a grain diameter 3.9 × 10-3³ mm, the yield strength increases to 480 MPa. At what grain diameter (in mm) will the yield strength be 441 MPa? i mmarrow_forwardb- An ASTM grain size determination is being made from a photomicrograph of a metal which has a magnification of 500X. What is the ASTM grain size number of the metal if there are 64 grains per square inch?arrow_forwardevwVmpreun atatus: QUESTION 34 Consider a single crystal of RENE NS, a second generation Nbased superaloy. This alloy is used in the hottest part of gas turbine engines for aerospace. The matrix phase has a face-centered-cubic (FCC) crystal structure. This single crystal has been subjected to a tensile stress that is applied along a (314) crystal direction (aka, the axis f sip occurs on a (1 1 1) plane in a (101) direction, please cakulate the stress in MPa at which ylelding will occur. The critical resolved shear stress for this alloy is 800 MPa. cose Fo cos dcos (CRSS) (1SJos dcose 3184.3 O 41,600.0 O800.1 O 6368.7 579.0 400.1 Save A A es nit to sove ond subent. Cck Sae All A es to save dll ansers 3.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY
Elements Of Electromagnetics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780134319650
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781259822674
Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118170519
Author:Norman S. Nise
Publisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781337093347
Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. Gere
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118807330
Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. Bolton
Publisher:WILEY
Explanation of Solidification of Metals & Alloys | Manufacturing Processes; Author: Magic Marks;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5z9KknF_s8;License: Standard Youtube License