Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 4.8, Problem 50SEP
To determine
How will the substitution affect the atomic structure of the compound, if at all.
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Copper at 500 °C has 1.10×1015 vacancies/cm³. The atomic weight of Cu is 63.55 g/mol and the
density at this temperature is 8.96 g/cm³. Avogadro constant NA ~ 6.022×1023 atoms/mol.
Boltzmann constant (K) - 8.62×10-³ ev/atom • K.
(a) What is the activation energy required to create a vacancy in Cu?
(b) Cu is then cooled to 400 °C. What will be the number of vacancies per cubic centimeter?
Assume that the change in the density in the cooling is negligible.
A number of elements along with their crystal structures and atomic radii are listed in the following
table. Which pairs might be expected to have complete solid solubility in each other?
Crystal
Atomic
Crystal
Structure
Atomic
Structure
radius (nm)
radius (nm)
Silver
Palladium
FCC
0.144
Lead
FCC
0.175
FCC
0.137
0.137
Tungsten
Rhodium
ВСС
Copper
Gold
FCC
0.128
FCC
0.134
Platinum
Tantalum
FCC
0.144
FCC
0.138
Nickel
FCC
0.125
ВСС
0.143
Aluminum
Sodium
FCC
0.143
Potassium
ВСС
0.231
ВСС
0.185
Molybdenum
ВСС
0.136
Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter at 1000°C for a metal that has an energy for vacancy formation of 1.22 eV/atom, a density of 6.25 g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 37.4 g/mol.</o:p>
(A) 1.49 ×1018 m−3</o:p>
(B) 7.18 ×1022 m−3</o:p>
(C) 1.49 ×1024 m−3</o:p>
(D) 2.57 ×1024 m−3</o:p>
Chapter 4 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 1KCPCh. 4.8 - Define the homogeneous nucleation process for the...Ch. 4.8 - In the solidification of a pure metal, what are...Ch. 4.8 - In the solidification of a metal, what is the...Ch. 4.8 - During solidification, how does the degree of...Ch. 4.8 - Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous...Ch. 4.8 - Describe the grain structure of a metal ingot that...Ch. 4.8 - Distinguish between equiaxed and columnar grains...Ch. 4.8 - How can the grain size of a cast ingot be refined?...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 10KCP
Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 11KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 12KCPCh. 4.8 - Distinguish between a substitutional solid...Ch. 4.8 - What are the conditions that are favorable for...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 15KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 16KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 17KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 18KCPCh. 4.8 - Describe the structure of a grain boundary. Why...Ch. 4.8 - Describe and illustrate the following planar...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 21KCPCh. 4.8 - Describe the optical metallography technique. What...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 24KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 27KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 28KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 29KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 30KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 31KCPCh. 4.8 - Calculate the size (radius) of the critically...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 33AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 34AAPCh. 4.8 - Calculate the number of atoms in a critically...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 36AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 37AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 38AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 39AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 40AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 41AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 42AAPCh. 4.8 - Determine, by counting, the ASTM grain-size number...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 44AAPCh. 4.8 - For the grain structure in Problem 4.43, estimate...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 46AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 47SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 48SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 49SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 50SEPCh. 4.8 - In Chapter 3 (Example Problem 3.11), we calculated...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 52SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 53SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 54SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 55SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 56SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 57SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 58SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 59SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 60SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 61SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 62SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 63SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 64SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 65SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 66SEP
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