Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 4.8, Problem 8KCP
Distinguish between equiaxed and columnar grains in a solidified metal structure.
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Explain the differences in the grain structure between a metal which has been cold worked and another same cold worked piece but has been fully re-crystallised. Why are small angle grain boundaries not as effective in interfering with the motion of dislocation as high angle grain boundaries?
During a heat treatment,
is the formation of a brand-new set of grains
that are strain-free and equiaxed. These new grains have low dislocation densities and are characteristic
of the pre-cold-worked condition.
Dislocation density has a favorable influence to ease slip and to make slip difficult to happen. Explain how
Chapter 4 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 1KCPCh. 4.8 - Define the homogeneous nucleation process for the...Ch. 4.8 - In the solidification of a pure metal, what are...Ch. 4.8 - In the solidification of a metal, what is the...Ch. 4.8 - During solidification, how does the degree of...Ch. 4.8 - Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous...Ch. 4.8 - Describe the grain structure of a metal ingot that...Ch. 4.8 - Distinguish between equiaxed and columnar grains...Ch. 4.8 - How can the grain size of a cast ingot be refined?...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 10KCP
Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 11KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 12KCPCh. 4.8 - Distinguish between a substitutional solid...Ch. 4.8 - What are the conditions that are favorable for...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 15KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 16KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 17KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 18KCPCh. 4.8 - Describe the structure of a grain boundary. Why...Ch. 4.8 - Describe and illustrate the following planar...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 21KCPCh. 4.8 - Describe the optical metallography technique. What...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 24KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 27KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 28KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 29KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 30KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 31KCPCh. 4.8 - Calculate the size (radius) of the critically...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 33AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 34AAPCh. 4.8 - Calculate the number of atoms in a critically...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 36AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 37AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 38AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 39AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 40AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 41AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 42AAPCh. 4.8 - Determine, by counting, the ASTM grain-size number...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 44AAPCh. 4.8 - For the grain structure in Problem 4.43, estimate...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 46AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 47SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 48SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 49SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 50SEPCh. 4.8 - In Chapter 3 (Example Problem 3.11), we calculated...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 52SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 53SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 54SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 55SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 56SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 57SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 58SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 59SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 60SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 61SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 62SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 63SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 64SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 65SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 66SEP
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- For an ASTM grain size of 6, approximately how many grains would there be per square inch under each of the following conditions? (i) At a magnification of 100X (ii) Without any magnificationarrow_forward(d) Given that the grain size in a solid solution is determined according to the following expression: = 22-1 where Ny is the average number of grains per square inch at a magnification of M, and n is the ASTM grain size number. Carry out the following: i. Determine the ASTM grain size if 30 grains per square inch are measured at a magnificatio 100X. ii. Calculate the number of grains per square inch at a magnification of 75X.arrow_forwardNote: Answer Should be not so long. Need straight forward Answer. For minimizing (1) dislocation creep and (ii) diffusion creep, state in each case whether a metal with a small grain size or a large grain size would be the most suitable, giving reasons for your answers.arrow_forward
- | Describe in your own words the three strengthening mechanisms discussed in this chapter (i.e., grain 5. size reduction, solid-solution strengthening, and strain hardening). Explain how dislocations are involved in each of the strengthening techniques.arrow_forwardexaplin with illustrations, slip via dislocation motion (edge abd screw dislocation) and twinningarrow_forwardSketch following modes of dislocation motion and name conditions that help them occur: 1. Cross slip 2. Climb up & climb downarrow_forward
- The ASTM grain size for a metal was 3. Determine the number of grains at a section from its surface with an area of 1 in? at magnification of 1x (life size)? Answer:arrow_forwardThe flow stress of a coarse-grained dilute copper alloy increased from 2 to 55 MPa when the dislocation density was increased from a low value of 10 cm via cold working to a modest value of 100 cm2. Calculate the flow stress for this alloy when heavy cold working introduces a dislocation density of 10¹2 cm². An equation similar to the Hall-Petch equation has been proposed for dislocations, and is: Tflow To ka Paisl where Tflow is the flow stress (i.e., the force per unit area necessary to get plastic deformation), pdisi is the dislocation density (the dislocation line length per unit volume), and To and ka are constants for a given material. The easiest way to solve this problem is to put values into this equation twice, subtract one expression from the other, and solve for ka. Then enter your value of ka into either original equation to determine To. Keep track of units, and then solve the problem stated above.arrow_forwardDo noncrystalline or amorphous materials have grain boundaries? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- During the recrystallization of a cold-worked material, which of the following statement(s) is (are) true? O There is some reduction in the number of dislocations. O Some of the internal strain energy is relieved. O The metal becomes more ductile, as in its precold-worked state. O Grains with high strains are replaced with new, unstrained grains. O There is a significant reduction in the number of dislocations, to approximately the number found in the precold-worked state, O The thermal conductivity is recovered to its precold-worked state. O All of the internal strain energy is relieved. O The electrical conductivity is recovered to its precold-worked state.arrow_forwardHelp me pleasearrow_forwardConsider a single crystal of some hypothetical metal that has the FCC crystal structure and is oriented such that a tensile stress is applied along a [11 2] direction. If slip occurs on a ( 111) plane and in a [0 11] direction, and the crystal yields at a stress of 5.12 MPa, compute the critical resolved shear stress. CRITICAL RESOLVED SHEAR STRESS • CRITICAL RESOLVED SHEAR STRESS (T, THE MOST FAVORABLY ORIENTED SLIP SYSTEM WHEN SHEAR STRESS IS AT J: SLIP IN A SYSTEM STARTS ON CRSS THIS CRITICAL VALUE • MINIMUM SHEAR STRESS REQUIRED TO INITIATE SLIP • SINGLE CRYSTAL PLASTICALLY DEFORMS WHEN: T, > T, CRSS OR TR(max) =T CRSS 'R Tcrss (cos o cos A)maxarrow_forward
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Explanation of Solidification of Metals & Alloys | Manufacturing Processes; Author: Magic Marks;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5z9KknF_s8;License: Standard Youtube License