Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 5CONQ
A nectarine is a peach without the fuzz. The difference is controlled by a single gene that is found in two alleles, D and d. At the molecular level, do you think that the nectarine is homozygous for a recessive allele or that the peach is homozygous for the recessive allele? Explain your reasoning.
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Gene S controls the sharpness of spines in a type of cactus. Cactuses with the dominant allele have sharp spines, whereas homozygous recessive cactuses have dull spines. At the same time, a second gene, N, determines whether or not cactuses have long or short spines. Homozygous recessive cactuses have short spines. A cross between a homozygous sharp-long cactus and a dull short-spined cactus would produce what percentage of sharp-long cacti? Show your Punnett square please.
As seen in the photo, Labradors come in three colors-- black, brown and yellow. What is the genetic basis for these different coat colors? One gene produces melanin, a pigment which is deposited in the dog's fur and makes the color dark. With this gene, allele B (black) is dominant to allele b. Only in the case of a recessive homozygote (bb) will the dog's phenotype be brown. The regulatory gene is separate from the melanin gene but it acts as a switch, either turning the melanin gene on or turning it off. Allele E is dominant and allows for the melanin to be deposited in the dog's fur ("on" switch), but if the switch gene is a recessive homozygote, the melanin is blocked ("off" switch) and a yellow dog is the result!
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As seen in the photo, Labradors come in three colors-- black, brown and yellow. What is the genetic basis for these different coat colors? One gene produces melanin, a pigment which is deposited in the dog's fur and makes the color dark. With this gene, allele B (black) is dominant to allele b. Only in the case of a recessive homozygote (bb) will the dog's phenotype be brown. The regulatory gene is separate from the melanin gene but it acts as a switch, either turning the melanin gene on or turning it off. Allele E is dominant and allows for the melanin to be deposited in the dog's fur ("on" switch), but if the switch gene is a recessive homozygote, the melanin is blocked ("off" switch) and a yellow dog is the result!
Review the information on Labrador retrievers above. What are the phenotypic ratios of the F1 generation offspring of two dihybrids? Make sure to match the numbers with coat colors (e.g, which number in the ration goes with which color). Use a Punnett square to…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 4.1 - 1. Which of the following statements is true?
a....Ch. 4.2 - 1. Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 4.2 - 3. Polydactyly is a condition in which a person...Ch. 4.3 - The outcome of an individuals traits is controlled...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 4.5 - Hemophilia is a blood-clotting disorder in humans...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 1COMQ
Ch. 4.7 - 1. The Manx phenotype in cats is caused by a...Ch. 4.8 - Which of the following is a possible explanation...Ch. 4.9 - 1. Two different strains of sweet peas are...Ch. 4.9 - If the F1 offspring from question 1 are allowed to...Ch. 4 - 1. Describe the differences among dominance,...Ch. 4 - Discuss the differences among sex-influenced,...Ch. 4 - 3. What is meant by a gene interaction? How can a...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose a recessive allele encodes a...Ch. 4 - 5. A nectarine is a peach without the fuzz. The...Ch. 4 - 6. An allele in Drosophila produces a star-eye...Ch. 4 - A seed dealer wants to sell four-oclock seeds that...Ch. 4 - 8. The blood serum from one individual (let’s call...Ch. 4 - 9. Which blood type phenotypes (A, B, AB, and/or...Ch. 4 - A woman with type B blood has a child with type O...Ch. 4 - A type A woman is the daughter of a type O father...Ch. 4 - In Shorthorn cattle, coat color is controlled by a...Ch. 4 - In chickens, the Leghorn variety has white...Ch. 4 - Propose the most likely mode of inheritance...Ch. 4 - 15. A human disease known as vitamin D-resistant...Ch. 4 - 16. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait in...Ch. 4 - 17. Incontinentia pigmenti, a rare, X-linked...Ch. 4 - 18. Scurs in cattle is a sex-influenced trait. A...Ch. 4 - In rabbits, the color of body fat is controlled by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 4 - 21. The trait of feathering in fowls is a...Ch. 4 - Based on the pedigree shown here for a trait...Ch. 4 - 23. The pedigree shown here involves a trait...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose you have pedigree data from thousands...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 4 - 26. In humans, a very rare dominant allele that...Ch. 4 - 27. A sex-influenced trait in humans affects the...Ch. 4 - Three coat-color patterns that occur in some...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1EQCh. 4 - 2. In chickens, some varieties have feathered...Ch. 4 - 3. In sheep, the formation of horns is a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4EQCh. 4 - In the clover butterfly, males are always yellow,...Ch. 4 - The Mic2 gene in humans is present on both the X...Ch. 4 - 7. Duroc Jersey pigs are typically red, but a...Ch. 4 - 8. As shown in Figure 4.17, coat color in rodents...Ch. 4 - 9. Summer squash exist in long, spherical, or disk...Ch. 4 - In a species of plant, two genes control flower...Ch. 4 - 11. Red eyes is the wild-type phenotype in...Ch. 4 - 12. As mentioned in Experimental Question E11, red...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose you were looking through a vial of...Ch. 4 - 14. When examining a human pedigree, what features...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose a gene exists as a functional...Ch. 4 - In oats, the color of the chaff is determined by a...
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- Consider this hypothetical example. Bluegills can either have green eyes or brown eyes. The trait is controlled by a single gene. Bluegills can either have long or short fins. This trait is controlled by a single gene that is on a different chromosome from the eye color gene. Having green eyes is dominant (G), while having brown eyes is recessive (g). Having long fins is dominant (L), while having short fins is recessive (1). Your not-so-famous instructor will mate a male and female that both are heterozygous for eye color and heterozygous for fin length. If these 2 bluegills produced 1000 offspring, about how many would have green eyes and short fins? O 63 O 125 188 O 250 O 563arrow_forwardThe shape of a pumpkin is determined by the action of two genes A and B. The recessive forms of these two alleles produces a flattened-shaped fruit, whereas the dominant forms of these two alleles produce the typical pumpkin with ridges. When both alleles are heterozygous a disc-shaped pumpkin is produced. If the genotype of the pumpkin plant is homozygous dominant at one allele and heterozygous at the other, the pumpkin will be ball-shaped. If the pumpkin plant is homozygous recessive at one allele and heterozygous at the other allele it produces an oblong-shaped fruit. Plants with genotypes other than the ones listed in this question do not produce pumpkins. Do the following cross: two pumpkin plants capable of making disc-shaped pumpkins are crossed with each other. Based on this cross, answer the following: (Show your work below.) How many of the progeny will make ball-shaped pumpkins?__________________________________________ How many of the progeny will make disc-shaped…arrow_forwardConsider this hypothetical example. Bluegills can either have green eyes or brown eyes. The trait is controlled by a single gene. Bluegills can either have long or short fins. This trait is controlled by a single gene that is on a different chromosome from the eye color gene. Having green eyes is dominant (G), while having brown eyes is recessive (g). Having long fins is dominant (L), while having short fins is recessive (I). Your not-so-famous instructor will mate a male and female that both are heterozygous for eye color and heterozygous for fin length. What phenotypic ratio is expected from this mating? O 1:1:1:1 O 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 O 3:1 O 9:3:3:1arrow_forward
- Gene A controls the sharpness of spines in a type of cactus. Cactuses with the dominant allele, A, have sharp spines, whereas homozygous recessive aa cactuses have dull spines. At the same time, a second gene, N, determines whether cactuses have spines at all. Homozygous recessive nn cactuses have no spines at all. a) The relationship between genes A and N is an example of ________________ b) A cactus with sharp spines is crossed with a spineless cactus. All the offspring have spines but approximately half of the 100 offspring have dull spines and half have sharp spines. What are the genotypes of the parent cacti?arrow_forwardYou are studying three traits in a goldfish variety; body colour (A or a), tail length (B or b) and shape (C or c). Note: Use the uppercase letters for the alleles associated with the dominant phenotypes and the lowercase letters for the alleles associated with the recessive phenotypes. Assume that each of these traits is regulated by one gene. a) You mate a gold fish (P1) with a white fish (P2) and obtain 100 fish in F1, of which 50 are gold and 50 are white. Write two sets of the possible genotypes of the parental and the resulting F1 fish by filling in the table below. Sets P1 P2 F1 gold fish F1 white fish AA aA aa A BB ac CC AC ab 2.arrow_forwardYou are studying three traits in a goldfish variety; body colour (A or a), tail length (B or b) and shape (C or c). Note: Use the uppercase letters for the alleles associated with the dominant phenotypes and the lowercase letters for the alleles associated with the recessive phenotypes. Assume that each of these traits is regulated by one gene. a) You mate a gold fish (P1) with a white fish (P2) and obtain 100 fish in F1, of which 50 are gold and 50 are white. Write two sets of the possible genotypes of the parental and the resulting F1 fish by filling in the table below. Sets P1 P2 F1 gold fish F1 white fish 1 2 AA aA aa A a B BB ac AC abarrow_forward
- You are studying three traits in a goldfish variety; body colour (A or a), tail length (B or b) and shape (C or c). Note: Use the uppercase letters for the alleles associated with the dominant phenotypes and the lowercase letters for the alleles associated with the recessive phenotypes. Assume that each of these traits is regulated by one gene. a) You mate a gold fish (P1) with a white fish (P2) and obtain 100 fish in F1, of which 50 are gold and 50 are white. Write two sets of the possible genotypes of the parental and the resulting F1 fish by filling in the table below.arrow_forwardYou are studying three traits in a goldfish variety; body colour (A or a), tail length (B or b) and shape (C or c). Note: Use the uppercase letters for the alleles associated with the dominant phenotypes and the lowercase letters for the alleles associated with the recessive phenotypes. Assume that each of these traits is regulated by one gene. a) You mate a gold fish (P1) with a white fish (P2) and obtain 100 fish in F1, of which 50 are gold and 50 are white. Write two sets of the possible genotypes of the parental and the resulting F1 fisharrow_forwardHummingbirds have brightly colored feathers on their throats that are used to attract mates. Let's say these feathers come in three different colors red (R), yellow (Y) and grey (g). The red and yellow alleles are codominant when present together, and both red and yellow are dominant when paired with the recessive grey allele. (Hint - this is the same as the ABO blood groups in humans and, is not sex-linked). please show your work. a. A grey female mates with a yellow throated male and she lays 4 eggs. All of the resulting chicks have yellow-colored throats. What is the genotype of the male that fathered the chicks? b. The next year one of the female chicks from the nest above grows up and mates with a male that has both red and yellow feathers. What will be the genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring, and in what proportion? Assume 4 young.arrow_forward
- The diagram below describes the relationships of genes, alleles, and loci of genetics and how a genotype manifests as a phenotype using the pea plant flower as an example. In this case, the genotype is heterozygous, meaning that the plant carries two different alleles of the gene. Think of a scenario where you have a pea plant that is homozygous recessive in flower color. Determine the phenotype of the flower color for this plant and describe how the phenotype is derived based on the information provided in the below diagram. Make sure to include the following terms, gene, allele, locus, enzyme, and gene expression, in your discussion.arrow_forwardThe comb shape of chickens is an example of an interesting inheritance pattern. Two genes, each with a dominant and recessive allele, determine comb phenotypes as follows: Comb Shape Description Genotype Single Comb homozygous recessive for both r and p rrpp Walnut comb both dominant alleles are present; R and P alleles are present R_P_ Pea comb the dominant allele P is present and the dominant allele R is absent rrP_ Rose comb the dominant allele R is present and the dominant allele P is absent R_pp Which of the following represents the correct phenotypes of the F2 offspring? Select one: a. Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 9/16 3/16 3/16 1/16 b. Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 3/16 1/16 9/16 3/16 c. Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 1/16 9/16 3/16 3/16 d. Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 3/16 9/16 1/16 3/16arrow_forwardThe comb shape of chickens is an example of an interesting inheritance pattern. Two genes, each with a dominant and recessive allele, determine comb phenotypes as follows: Comb Shape Description Genotype Single Comb homozygous recessive for both r and p rrpp Walnut comb both dominant alleles are present; R and P alleles are present R_P_ Pea comb the dominant allele P is present and the dominant allele R is absent rrP_ Rose comb the dominant allele R is present and the dominant allele P is absent R_pp If the P1 generation is a rose comb (RRpp) crossed with a pea comb (rrPP), which of the following represents the correct genotype and phenotype of the F1 offspring? Select one: a. Genotype Phenotype RRPP Single comb b. Genotype Phenotype RrPp walnut comb c. Genotype Phenotype RrPp pea comb d. Genotype Phenotype RRPP walnut combarrow_forward
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