Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 12CONQ
In Shorthorn cattle, coat color is controlled by a single gene that can exist as a red allele
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In Shorthorn cattle, coat color is controlled by a single gene thatcan exist as a red allele (R) or a white allele (r). The heterozygotes (Rr) have a color called roan that looks less red than theRR homozygotes. However, when examined carefully, the roanphenotype in cattle is actually due to a mixture of completelyred hairs and completely white hairs. Should this be calledincomplete dominance, codominance, or something else?Explain your reasoning
In rabbits, white coat color (CW) and black coat color (CB) are codominant, and both of these alleles are dominant over albino (c); heterozygotes (CWCB) are spotted. Consider a cross between a heterozygous black-coated rabbit and a homozygous white-coated rabbit.
In cattle, the gene for hornless (H) is dominant to the gene for horned (h), the gene for
black (B) is dominant to that of red (b), and the gene for white face, or Hereford spotting,
(S) is dominant to that for solid color (s). A cow (female) that is heterozygous for all traits
is inseminated by a bull (male) of the genotype bbhhSs. What is the probability of
obtaining a calf that is a black, hornless bull with Hereford spotting?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 4.1 - 1. Which of the following statements is true?
a....Ch. 4.2 - 1. Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 4.2 - 3. Polydactyly is a condition in which a person...Ch. 4.3 - The outcome of an individuals traits is controlled...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 4.5 - Hemophilia is a blood-clotting disorder in humans...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 1COMQ
Ch. 4.7 - 1. The Manx phenotype in cats is caused by a...Ch. 4.8 - Which of the following is a possible explanation...Ch. 4.9 - 1. Two different strains of sweet peas are...Ch. 4.9 - If the F1 offspring from question 1 are allowed to...Ch. 4 - 1. Describe the differences among dominance,...Ch. 4 - Discuss the differences among sex-influenced,...Ch. 4 - 3. What is meant by a gene interaction? How can a...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose a recessive allele encodes a...Ch. 4 - 5. A nectarine is a peach without the fuzz. The...Ch. 4 - 6. An allele in Drosophila produces a star-eye...Ch. 4 - A seed dealer wants to sell four-oclock seeds that...Ch. 4 - 8. The blood serum from one individual (let’s call...Ch. 4 - 9. Which blood type phenotypes (A, B, AB, and/or...Ch. 4 - A woman with type B blood has a child with type O...Ch. 4 - A type A woman is the daughter of a type O father...Ch. 4 - In Shorthorn cattle, coat color is controlled by a...Ch. 4 - In chickens, the Leghorn variety has white...Ch. 4 - Propose the most likely mode of inheritance...Ch. 4 - 15. A human disease known as vitamin D-resistant...Ch. 4 - 16. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait in...Ch. 4 - 17. Incontinentia pigmenti, a rare, X-linked...Ch. 4 - 18. Scurs in cattle is a sex-influenced trait. A...Ch. 4 - In rabbits, the color of body fat is controlled by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 4 - 21. The trait of feathering in fowls is a...Ch. 4 - Based on the pedigree shown here for a trait...Ch. 4 - 23. The pedigree shown here involves a trait...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose you have pedigree data from thousands...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 4 - 26. In humans, a very rare dominant allele that...Ch. 4 - 27. A sex-influenced trait in humans affects the...Ch. 4 - Three coat-color patterns that occur in some...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1EQCh. 4 - 2. In chickens, some varieties have feathered...Ch. 4 - 3. In sheep, the formation of horns is a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4EQCh. 4 - In the clover butterfly, males are always yellow,...Ch. 4 - The Mic2 gene in humans is present on both the X...Ch. 4 - 7. Duroc Jersey pigs are typically red, but a...Ch. 4 - 8. As shown in Figure 4.17, coat color in rodents...Ch. 4 - 9. Summer squash exist in long, spherical, or disk...Ch. 4 - In a species of plant, two genes control flower...Ch. 4 - 11. Red eyes is the wild-type phenotype in...Ch. 4 - 12. As mentioned in Experimental Question E11, red...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose you were looking through a vial of...Ch. 4 - 14. When examining a human pedigree, what features...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose a gene exists as a functional...Ch. 4 - In oats, the color of the chaff is determined by a...
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- In owl, barring (B) is sex-linked and dominant, the recessive allele (b) producing solid black color when homozygous. Silky feathers (s) is a recessive autosomal gene, as opposed to non-silky (S). If black cocks, heterozygous for non-silky, are crossed to barred, silky hens, what genotypes and phenotypes will be produced? (Sex linked genes can be written as XAXA for female and XAY for male since superscript function are not available) what is the genotype of the cock? What are the possible genotypes of the hen? Write the genotypes of the F1 when the hen is homozygous dominant for barring What is the phenotypic ratio? What is the genotypic ratio when the hen is heterozygous for barring? How many female carriers are present when the hen is heterozygous for barring? (use fraction)arrow_forwardMouse fur color is affected by TWO unlinked loci. GG or Gg mice are agouti. Mice with genotype gg are albino since all pigment production is blocked, regardless of the phenotype at the second locus. At the other locus, the F allele (agouti coat) is dominant to the f allele (black coat). How many black mice would result from a cross between two agouti mice of genotype GgFf? (just write in the numeral)arrow_forwardIn the guinea pig, one locus involved in the control of coat color may be occupied by any of 4 alleles: C (full color), ck (sepia), cd (cream), or ca (albino). The order of dominance is C > ck > cd > ca. A sepia pig was crossed with a cream pig, where the sepia pig had 2 full-color parents & the cream pig had 2 sepia parents. One of the piglets from this cross was albino. What phenotypic ratio is expected from this cross? A) All sepia piglets B) 1/2 full color : 1/4 sepia : 1/4 cream piglets C) 1/2 cream : 1/2 albino piglets D) 1/2 sepia : 1/4 cream : 1/4 albino piglets E) 3/4 sepia & 1/4 cream piglets F) All cream piglets G) 1/2 sepia : 1/2 cream pigletsarrow_forward
- Pigment in mouse fur is only produced when the C allele is present. Individuals of the cc genotype are white. If color is present, it may be determined by the A, a alleles. AA or Aa results in agouti color, while aa results in black coats. (a) What F1 and F2 genotypic and phenotypic ratios are obtained from a cross between AACC and aacc mice? (b) In three crosses between agouti females whose genotypes were unknown and males of the aacc genotype, the following phenotypic ratios were obtained: (1) 8 agouti (2) 9 agouti (3) 4 agouti 8 white 10 black 5 black 10 white What are the genotypes of these female parents?arrow_forwardIn cats, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Also, striped fur (A) is dominant over solid colored fur (a). What is the phenotype of a cat with the genotype Bbaa? What combinations of gametes could the Bbaa cat make? If the Bbaa cat mated with a cat that was heterozygous for both the color and pattern genes, what fraction of their kittens would be likely to have solid brown fur? Hint: draw your square on a separate paper to figure it out.arrow_forwardIn the rat, the pattern of coat color is affected by a gene with two alleles. PH is the allele for hooded, in which the animal is mostly white with color restricted to the shoulders and neck. P+ is the normal solid body color allele. These two alleles exhibit incomplete dominance, so that heterozygotes have white bellies only. A true-breeding solid strain is crossed with a true-breeding hooded strain, to produce an F₁ generation that is all white belly. The F₁ generation rats are mated with each other to produce 800 F₂ offspring. Below is a table that gives the observed number of each phenotype in the F2 and also gives you the expected number. Question: If you perform a Chi-square goodness of fit test, what is the value of Chi square X² (Express your answer to the hundredths.) solid white belly hooded Σ Observed 195 420 185 800 Expected 200 400 200 800arrow_forward
- In cattle, coat color is controlled by two codominant alleles. One allele produces a red coat, (R), and one produces a white coat, (W). A cow with heterozygous alleles will have a roan coat. In the same breed of cattle not having horns, (N), is completely dominant over the presence of horns, (n). What phenotype and genotypes would be expected from a cross between a roan, horned bull and a hornless red cow that is a carrier for the horned allele. Show the Punnett squarearrow_forwardPhenotypic ratio: red : pink : white Solve the following genetic problems involving incomplete dominance. You must pick the right letter to represent the gene in the question. You must show your work using the Punnett square. 15. A rooster with grey feathers is mated with a hen of the same phenotype. Among their offspring 15 chicks are grey, 6 are black and 8 are white. a. What is the simplest explanation for the inheritance of these colors in chickens? b. What offspring would you expect from the mating of a grey rooster and a black hen?arrow_forwardYour internship with Dr. Nefario at Gru Industries is going well so far, but a recent mission to obtain a shrink ray requires a special kind of Minion. You identify that the ideal Minion phenotypes for this mission are two eyes, pale yellow, and short. From your previous work, you’ve found that:Two-eyed (D) is completely dominant over one-eyed (d)Yellow (Y) is incompletely dominant with white (y)Tall (T) is completely dominant over short (t) a. The only reproductive individuals you have at the moment (it was surprise mission!) are a true breeding two-eyed, yellow, short Minion and a one heterozygous for each trait. What genotypic ratios would you expect for this crossassuming that each locus is on a different chromosome? What total proportion would you expect to be the desired phenotype for the mission? b. The mission has since been delayed due to lack of financial support, so you’ve got some time. All the individuals from the F1 cross above are now reproductive. Which genotypes would…arrow_forward
- Seed color is controlled by 3 independently assorting bi-allelic genes (P, Q, R), such that homozygote pp exhibits recessive epistasis over the seed color pathway, converting a white pigment into yellow, which then becomes orange in the presence of a Q allele, or red in the presence of R. Individuals with both Q and R alleles show pink seeds. In a cross of PpQqRr individuals with ppqqrr individuals, what is the ratio of white-seeds to red seeds? а. 1:4 b. 2:3 с. 1:1 d. 4:1 e. 1:5arrow_forwardIn Labrador retriever dogs, two alleles (B and b) determine whether coat colour will be black (B)or brown (b). Black coat colour is dominant. A second pair of alleles, E and e, are on a separatechromosome from B and b. The homozygous recessive condition, ee, prevents the expressionof either allele B or b, and produces a dog with a yellow-coloured coat. Some examples ofgenotypes and phenotypes for Labrador retrievers are shown below.Genotype PhenotypeBBEe blackbbEe brownBbee yellow Two dogs, each with the genotype, BbEe, were crossed. What is the percentageprobability that their offspring will have yellow coat colour? (Record your answer as awhole number percentage)arrow_forwardIn mice, black coat color (B) is dominant over brown (b), and a solid pattern (S) is dominant to white spotted (s). Color and spotting are controlled by genes that assort independently. A homozygous black spotted mouse is crossed with a homozygous brown solid mouse. All of the F1 mice are black and solid. In biology class one day you see a black solid mouse run across your desk. You and your classmates manage to trap the mouse and decide to attempt to discover it’s genotype. In order to do this you perform a testcross with a laboratory mouse. You perform the testcross and find that ½ of the offspring from the testcross are black and solid and ½ are black and spotted. What is the genotype of the classroom mouse?arrow_forward
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