Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 4EQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason, due to which the two albino puppies found by two breeders, on mating, produced offspring with black hair.
Introduction:
Mendel proved that genes are present either in a dominant or a recessive manner. A dominant allele for a trait can be expressed in the individual even if, the individual is a heterozygote that is, only one copy of the gene is enough to show the
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In cats, the gene for calico (multicolored) cats is both sex-linked and codominant. Due to a phenomenon known as dosage compensation, females that receive a B and an R gene have black and orange splotches on white Males can only be black or orange, but never calico.
a. What would a calico cat’s genotype be?
b. Show the cross of a female calico cat with a black male. What percentage of the kittens will be black and male?
c. What percentage of the kittens will be calico and male?
d. What percentage of the kittens will be calico and female?
e. Show the cross of a female black cat with a male orange cat.
f. What percentage of the kittens will be calico and female? What color will all the male cats be?
Coat color in mice is influenced by two genes, one for color (A) and one for the amount of pigment production (C). Mice with the wild type agouti coat color have a yellowish to brownish color. Mice also have a gene that determines the amount of pigment the hair produces.
Multiple crosses were made between male and female mice that were each heterozygous for both traits (AaCc). The data table shows the number of mice of each coat type. Calculate the average F1 generation coat color to answer the question.
Which of the following is the most probable interaction between the two genetic loci, A and C, based on the average F1 ratio results?
A - The two loci show an epistatic pattern with the loci C epistatic to loci A.B - The two loci show a codominant pattern with both loci affecting coat color.C - The two loci interact in a Mendelian pattern with A being completely dominant over C.D - The two loci show an incomplete dominance pattern with neither loci A nor C being dominant.
Fruit fly body color is wild type (meaning normal) Gray = B+ and black = b
Fruit fly wing type is wild type normal wings = vg+ and vg = vestigial
A fly which was heterozygous for both traits was crossed with a fly that was recessive for both traits.
Write the genotype and phenotype that would be expected from this cross.
Write the genotype and phenotype percentages that would be expected from this cross.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 4.1 - 1. Which of the following statements is true?
a....Ch. 4.2 - 1. Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 4.2 - 3. Polydactyly is a condition in which a person...Ch. 4.3 - The outcome of an individuals traits is controlled...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 4.5 - Hemophilia is a blood-clotting disorder in humans...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 1COMQ
Ch. 4.7 - 1. The Manx phenotype in cats is caused by a...Ch. 4.8 - Which of the following is a possible explanation...Ch. 4.9 - 1. Two different strains of sweet peas are...Ch. 4.9 - If the F1 offspring from question 1 are allowed to...Ch. 4 - 1. Describe the differences among dominance,...Ch. 4 - Discuss the differences among sex-influenced,...Ch. 4 - 3. What is meant by a gene interaction? How can a...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose a recessive allele encodes a...Ch. 4 - 5. A nectarine is a peach without the fuzz. The...Ch. 4 - 6. An allele in Drosophila produces a star-eye...Ch. 4 - A seed dealer wants to sell four-oclock seeds that...Ch. 4 - 8. The blood serum from one individual (let’s call...Ch. 4 - 9. Which blood type phenotypes (A, B, AB, and/or...Ch. 4 - A woman with type B blood has a child with type O...Ch. 4 - A type A woman is the daughter of a type O father...Ch. 4 - In Shorthorn cattle, coat color is controlled by a...Ch. 4 - In chickens, the Leghorn variety has white...Ch. 4 - Propose the most likely mode of inheritance...Ch. 4 - 15. A human disease known as vitamin D-resistant...Ch. 4 - 16. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait in...Ch. 4 - 17. Incontinentia pigmenti, a rare, X-linked...Ch. 4 - 18. Scurs in cattle is a sex-influenced trait. A...Ch. 4 - In rabbits, the color of body fat is controlled by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 4 - 21. The trait of feathering in fowls is a...Ch. 4 - Based on the pedigree shown here for a trait...Ch. 4 - 23. The pedigree shown here involves a trait...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose you have pedigree data from thousands...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 4 - 26. In humans, a very rare dominant allele that...Ch. 4 - 27. A sex-influenced trait in humans affects the...Ch. 4 - Three coat-color patterns that occur in some...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1EQCh. 4 - 2. In chickens, some varieties have feathered...Ch. 4 - 3. In sheep, the formation of horns is a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4EQCh. 4 - In the clover butterfly, males are always yellow,...Ch. 4 - The Mic2 gene in humans is present on both the X...Ch. 4 - 7. Duroc Jersey pigs are typically red, but a...Ch. 4 - 8. As shown in Figure 4.17, coat color in rodents...Ch. 4 - 9. Summer squash exist in long, spherical, or disk...Ch. 4 - In a species of plant, two genes control flower...Ch. 4 - 11. Red eyes is the wild-type phenotype in...Ch. 4 - 12. As mentioned in Experimental Question E11, red...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose you were looking through a vial of...Ch. 4 - 14. When examining a human pedigree, what features...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose a gene exists as a functional...Ch. 4 - In oats, the color of the chaff is determined by a...
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- Sometimes, two alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, therefore, both alleles are expressed separately in a heterozygous individual. This is called codominance. Which of the following is an example of codominance? a In guinea pigs, black hair is dominant over white hair. A homozygous black guinea pig is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig. The first generation of offspring are black. b If you cross a plant with blue flowers with a plant with yellow flowers, the offspring will have blue flowers with yellow spots. c If you cross a rhododendron plant with red flowers with a rhododendron plant with white flowers, the offspring will have pink flowers. d A white female cat mates with a brown male cat. The resulting offspring are orange.arrow_forwardIn a cross between a black and a white cat, all members of the Fi generation are black. The F2 generation is made up of approximately 3/4 black and 1/4 white cat. (i) Diagram this cross, showing the genotypes and phenotypes of the parents, F, and F2 generations. What is the probability that the first two offspring will be homozygous and the third is white if an Ficat is test crossed?arrow_forwardMouse fur color is affected by TWO unlinked loci. GG or Gg mice are agouti. Mice with genotype gg are albino since all pigment production is blocked, regardless of the phenotype at the second locus. At the other locus, the F allele (agouti coat) is dominant to the f allele (black coat). How many black mice would result from a cross between two agouti mice of genotype GgFf? (just write in the numeral)arrow_forward
- You are working with a dog breeder to produce a litter of puppies from their dogs. Of particular interest to this breeder is the texture of the coat and the presence of spots. The texture of the coat is controlled by one gene (R = rough coat, r = smooth coat), and the presence of spots is controlled by a separate gene (S = spots, s = solid coat). The breeder decides to perform the following cross: RrSs x rrSs What percentage of the offspring would you expect to have the following phenotypes: Rough and spotted: Incorrect answer: 56.25% Rough and solid: Incorrect answer: 18.75% Smooth and spotted: Incorrect answer: 18.75% Smooth and solid: Incorrect answer: 6.25%arrow_forwardA particular breed of dog can have long hair or short hair. Whentrue-breeding long-haired animals were crossed to true-breedingshort-haired animals, the offspring all had long hair. The F2 generation showed a 3:1 ratio of long- to short-haired offspring. Asecond gene affects the texture of the hair. The two variants arewiry hair and straight hair. F1 offspring from a cross of these twovarieties all had wiry hair, and F2 offspring showed a 3:1 ratio ofwiry-haired to straight-haired puppies. Recently, a breeder of theshort- and wiry-haired dogs found a female puppy that was albino.Similarly, another breeder of the long- and straight-haired dogsfound a male puppy that was albino. Because the albino trait is always due to a recessive allele, the two breeders got together andmated the two dogs. Surprisingly, all of the puppies in the litterhad black hair. How can you explain this result?arrow_forwardIn guinea pigs, a black coat (B) is dominant over a white coat (b), and straight hair (S) is dominant over curly hair (s). The genes for coat color and type of hair are located on different chromosomes. A heterozygous, black, and straight hair guinea pig (BbSs) was test crossed. A guinea pig heterozygous for both traits mated with a homozygous recessive guinea pig. What is the probability of having offspring with at least one dominant trait? Select one: a. 0.50 b. 0.00 c. 0.25 d. 0.75 e. 1.0arrow_forward
- In venetian violets, three phenotypes occur with respect to flower color: a deep violet (almost back), a white, and a pale lavender. Two pale lavender flowered plants have been crossed. The F1 from this cross has individuals with deep violet flowers, with pale lavender flowers, and individuals with white flowers. A. what are the parent genotypes? B. what would the expected phenotypic ratio be in these F1 plants?arrow_forwardIn rabbits, an allelic series helps determine coat color. The alleles, in order of dominance, are listed below. C=full coat color Cch-chinchilla Ch-himalayan c=white What is the predicted outcome for a CCh rabbit crossed with a Cchc rabbit? Draw out the cross and show the predicted genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring.arrow_forwardAs a hypothetical example, a trait in mice results in abnormallylong tails. You initially have a true-breeding strain with normaltails and a true-breeding strain with long tails. You then make thefollowing types of crosses:Cross 1: When true-breeding females with normal tails arecrossed to true-breeding males with long tails, all F1 offspringhave long tails.Cross 2: When true-breeding females with long tails arecrossed to true-breeding males with normal tails, all F1 offspring have normal tails.Cross 3: When F1 females from cross 1 are crossed to true-breeding males with normal tails, all offspring have normal tailsCross 4: When F1 males from cross 1 are crossed to truebreeding females with long tails, half of the offspring havenormal tails and half have long tails.Explain the pattern of inheritance of this trait.arrow_forward
- Parakeets can have white, blue, green or yellow feathers. Feather color in parakeets is determined by two different genes Y and B. YYBB, YYBb, YyBB, or YyBb is green; yyBB or yyBb is blue; YYbb or Yybb is yellow; and yybb is white. A yellow parakeet and a white parakeet were crossed. Over the years, they produced 25 offspring, 12 of which were white. What are the most likely genotypes for the two parent parakeets? YyBb and Yybb yyBB and yybb yyBb and yyBb Yybb and Yybb Yybb and yybbarrow_forwardIn mice, the A allele is dominant for yellow coat color, but AA is lethal. The little a allele gives agouti coat color. Also, CC or Cc is normal, but cc is albino, which is of course epistatic to the A gene, since albino mice are neither yellow nor agouti colored. The cross is AaCc to Aacc. What fractions of mice will you get? (Remember there are 3 phenotypes possible, yellow, agouti, or albino. And you never see dead mice, so you are counting only live progeny). SHOW WORK for credit.arrow_forwardYou are working for a parakeet breeder that has some green birds and some blue birds. You want to determine which feather color is dominant. You cross a blue male to each of two green females. In the first cross, the blue male is crossed to a green female named Gabby, resulting in 2 green and 2 blue offspring. In the second cross, the same blue male is crossed to a green female named Gail, resulting in 5 green offspring. Based on these results: ● [Select] phenotype is dominant. • Gail's genotype is [Select] The cross between the male and Gabby is called a [ Select] cross.arrow_forward
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