Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 13EQ
Let’s suppose you were looking through a vial of fruit flies in your laboratory and noticed a male fly with pink eyes. What crosses would you make to determine if the pink allele is an X-linked gene? What crosses would you make to determine if the pink allele is an allele of the same X-linked gene that occurs as a white allele?
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In fruit flies, the following X-linked traits are found: white eyes are recessive to red eyes, ebony body is recessive to gray body, and short wings is recessive to long wings. A cross was made between wild-type males with red eyes, long wings, and gray bodies and females with white eyes, short wings, and ebony bodies. Female heterozygote resulting from this cross, which had red eyes, long wings, and gray bodies, were then crossed with males with white eyes, short wings, and ebony bodies. The F2 generation data is obtained below:
1299 white eyes, short wings, ebony bodies
1367 red eyes, long wings, gray bodies
99 white eyes, short wings, gray body
89 red eyes, long wings, ebony bodies
49 white eyes, long wings, ebony bodies
49 red eyes, short wings, gray bodies
1 red eyes, short wings, ebony bodies
1 white eyes, long wings, gray bodies
A) Calculate the map distance separating the three genes
B) Which gene is in the middle?
A scientist working with Drosophila flies studies wing length, an X-linked characteristic. He has pure-breeding lines of short-winged and long-winged flies available. He decides to use reciprocal crosses for his work.i) What are reciprocal crosses? ii) Provide an example of the reciprocal crosses this scientist will do.iii) If the gene for wing length was sex-linked, but present in the pseudoautosomal region, what would you expect the outcome of a reciprocal cross to be with regards to males and females?
Let’s suppose that two different X-linked genes exist in mice,designated with the letters N and L. Gene N exists in a dominant,normal allele and in a recessive allele, n, that is lethal. Similarly,gene L exists in a dominant, normal allele and in a recessive allele,l, that is lethal. Heterozygous females are normal, but males thatcarry either recessive allele are born dead. Explain whether or notit would be possible to map the distance between these two genesby making crosses and analyzing the number of living and deadoffspring. You may assume that you have strains of mice in whichfemales are heterozygous for one or both genes.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 4.1 - 1. Which of the following statements is true?
a....Ch. 4.2 - 1. Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 4.2 - 3. Polydactyly is a condition in which a person...Ch. 4.3 - The outcome of an individuals traits is controlled...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 4.5 - Hemophilia is a blood-clotting disorder in humans...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 1COMQ
Ch. 4.7 - 1. The Manx phenotype in cats is caused by a...Ch. 4.8 - Which of the following is a possible explanation...Ch. 4.9 - 1. Two different strains of sweet peas are...Ch. 4.9 - If the F1 offspring from question 1 are allowed to...Ch. 4 - 1. Describe the differences among dominance,...Ch. 4 - Discuss the differences among sex-influenced,...Ch. 4 - 3. What is meant by a gene interaction? How can a...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose a recessive allele encodes a...Ch. 4 - 5. A nectarine is a peach without the fuzz. The...Ch. 4 - 6. An allele in Drosophila produces a star-eye...Ch. 4 - A seed dealer wants to sell four-oclock seeds that...Ch. 4 - 8. The blood serum from one individual (let’s call...Ch. 4 - 9. Which blood type phenotypes (A, B, AB, and/or...Ch. 4 - A woman with type B blood has a child with type O...Ch. 4 - A type A woman is the daughter of a type O father...Ch. 4 - In Shorthorn cattle, coat color is controlled by a...Ch. 4 - In chickens, the Leghorn variety has white...Ch. 4 - Propose the most likely mode of inheritance...Ch. 4 - 15. A human disease known as vitamin D-resistant...Ch. 4 - 16. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait in...Ch. 4 - 17. Incontinentia pigmenti, a rare, X-linked...Ch. 4 - 18. Scurs in cattle is a sex-influenced trait. A...Ch. 4 - In rabbits, the color of body fat is controlled by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 4 - 21. The trait of feathering in fowls is a...Ch. 4 - Based on the pedigree shown here for a trait...Ch. 4 - 23. The pedigree shown here involves a trait...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose you have pedigree data from thousands...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 4 - 26. In humans, a very rare dominant allele that...Ch. 4 - 27. A sex-influenced trait in humans affects the...Ch. 4 - Three coat-color patterns that occur in some...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1EQCh. 4 - 2. In chickens, some varieties have feathered...Ch. 4 - 3. In sheep, the formation of horns is a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4EQCh. 4 - In the clover butterfly, males are always yellow,...Ch. 4 - The Mic2 gene in humans is present on both the X...Ch. 4 - 7. Duroc Jersey pigs are typically red, but a...Ch. 4 - 8. As shown in Figure 4.17, coat color in rodents...Ch. 4 - 9. Summer squash exist in long, spherical, or disk...Ch. 4 - In a species of plant, two genes control flower...Ch. 4 - 11. Red eyes is the wild-type phenotype in...Ch. 4 - 12. As mentioned in Experimental Question E11, red...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose you were looking through a vial of...Ch. 4 - 14. When examining a human pedigree, what features...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose a gene exists as a functional...Ch. 4 - In oats, the color of the chaff is determined by a...
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- Human sex chromosomes are XX for females and XY for males. a. With respect to an X-linked gene, how many different types of gametes can a male produce? b. If a female is homozygous for an X-linked allele, how many different types of gametes can she produce with respect to this allele? c. If a female is heterozygous for an X-linked allele, how many different types of gametes can she produce with respect to this allele?arrow_forwardThe X chromosome has a lot of traits for things besides the traits we consider female. It carries traits forthings like the ability of your blood to clot correctly and the ability to see differences in the colors red andgreen. If you blood doesn’t clot correctly, it’s called Hemophilia. If you can’t see the difference betweenred and green, you are colorblind. Therefore, these are referred to as X-Linked or Sex-Linked Traits.Notice that those are on the X chromosome only. That means they are missing from the Y. In fact, the Y iscalled Y because it is physically missing a section at the end. This means the Y chromosome is missing genes that the X chromosome has. If you are XY, you only haveone copy of the gene, or one allele. Given what we just said above, can a XY parent pass a X-Linked Trait to his XY offspring?arrow_forwardYou are a biologist studying the local butterfly population. You've discovered 4 white (albino) butterflies. You mated each one with a wildtype butterfly and kept the lines separately. After several generations of back crosses, you've managed to create 4 lines of white butterflies. How can you tell if they represent mutations in the same gene or different genes? What crosses would you do? What results would you expect? (using complementation analysis).arrow_forward
- Normal vision (XA) in humans is dominant to color blindness (Xa) and is X-linked. A man with normal vision, whose father was colorblind, marries a colorblind woman. What are the chances that a son will be colorblind? What are the chances that a daughter will be colorblind? The determiner for brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b) and is not X-linked. A colorblind man with brown eyes, whose mother was blue-eyed, marries a blue-eyed woman having normal vision, whose father was colorblind. Show the expected phenotypes ratio of their children involving eye color, color blindness, and sex.arrow_forwardYou have discovered a new X-linked gene in chimpanzees (Chimpanzees have the same sex chromosomes as humans). This gene codes for handedness. Individuals who are homozygous for the H allele are left handed. Individuals homozygous for the h allele are right handed, and heterozygous individuals are ambidextrous (can use both hands equally well). You cross an ambidextrous female with a right handed male and the female becomes pregnant. What is the probability that the baby chimpanzee will be a right handed male? a. 1/2 b. 0 c. 1 d. 1/4 e. None of the other answers are correctarrow_forwardA pedigree lists a father as the proband for a genetic disorder that he inherited from his mother. Out of his 3 children, his son inherits the condition but his two daughters do not. What can you hypothesize about this disorder? a) It is an X-linked recessive disorder. b) His wife is also a carrier of an affected X-chromosome, too. c) His son had to inherit a defective X allele from his mother since he obviously received a Y from Dad. d) Although his daughters inherited the father's mutant X allele, a wt X allele from their mother prevented them from inheriting the disorder. e) All the answers could be correct.arrow_forward
- Two genes, A and B, are 10 map units apart along the same chromosome. A cross was made between AAbb and aaBB individuals to produce AaBb F1 offspring. The F1 offspring were then crossed to aabb individuals to yield an F2 generation. What would be the genotype(s) of F2 offspring that carry recombinant chromosomes? (Note: recombinant chromosomes are the product of crossing over). What percentage of F2 offspring would be Aabb?arrow_forwardSince experimental crosses are not performed in humans, how do we know how traits are inherited?arrow_forwardColor blindness is a X-linked trait in human. A cross was done and F1 showed half of the female and half of the male as normal-color vision while the other half of the female and male were color blind. What were the genotypes of the parents? Show the cross and the offspring.arrow_forward
- Consider a couple: a woman who is homozygous for a recessive mutation that causes X-linked colorblindness, and a man with full color vision (he does not carry a copy of the mutation). a) What is the probability that a son of this couple will be colorblind? b) What is the probability that a daughter of the couple will be colorblind?arrow_forwardYou are studying ear shape in dogs (with XY se x determination) and cross a true-breeding pointed-ear female to a true-breeding floppy-ear male and collect all pointy-ear male and female offspring. Your colleague suspects that the two phenotypes may be caused by alleles of one X-linked gene. What sort of cross would you do to determine whether this is an X-linked trait? Name it and describe it. What offspring phenotypic ratio would you expect in that cross if the green allele is a dominant X-linked allele? Make sure to label your ratio with all relevant phenotypes. How would the result of your cross (from A) be different if the trait is autosomalarrow_forwardIn fruit flies, eye color is an X-linked trait. Red eyes (XB) are dominant to maroon eyes (Xb). A male with red eyes mates with a female with maroon eyes. What will be the eye color of the flies in the F1 generation? A) Males: Maroon, Females: Red B) Males: Maroon, Females: Maroon C) Males: Red, Females: Maroon D) Males: Red, Females: Red E) Males: Maroon, Females: Red or Maroonarrow_forward
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