Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 21RA
Describe the energy transformations that occur when sunlight falls on a field of grass, the grass is eaten by a herbivore (such as a deer), and the herbivore is eaten by a carnivore (such as a cougar). Use the laws of
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Explain in energy transfer terms why there are always fewer sharks than small fish or why there are always fewer wolves than caribou.
The first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant, but that the various forms of energy can be interconverted. Describe four different types of such energy transduction that occur in living organisms and provide one example for each
Imagine puffer fish swimming towards north at an angle of 90
In which habitat does it survive happily?
What is effect of change in internal energy of liver of puffer fish due to global warming?
Comment on above statement by keeping in view the first law of thermodynamics.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 4 - Use the lock-and-key model to explain how enzymes...Ch. 4 - Explain how enzymes are named, and the nature of...Ch. 4 - Draw graphs to represent the effects of changes in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4CPCh. 4 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 4 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 4 - Prob. 5cCPCh. 4 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 4 - Define the terms exergonic reaction and endergonic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7aCP
Ch. 4 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 4 - Which of these statements about enzymes is...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about enzyme-catalyzed...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about lactate...Ch. 4 - In a metabolic pathway, a. the product of one...Ch. 4 - In an inborn error of metabolism,
a. a genetic...Ch. 4 - Which of these represents an endergonic...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about ATP is true? a....Ch. 4 - When oxygen is combined with 2 hydrogens to make...Ch. 4 - Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions...Ch. 4 - According to the law of mass action, which of...Ch. 4 - Explain the relationship between an enzyme's...Ch. 4 - Explain how the rate of enzymatic reactions may be...Ch. 4 - Explain how end-product inhibition represents a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14RACh. 4 - The coenzymes NAD and FAD can "shuttle" hydrogens...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16RACh. 4 - Why do we need to eat food containing niacin and...Ch. 4 - Metabolic pathways can be likened to intersecting...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19RACh. 4 - Suppose you come across a bottle of enzyme tablets...Ch. 4 - Describe the energy transformations that occur...Ch. 4 - Use the reversible reactions involving the...Ch. 4 - Use the graph here and in figure 4.4 to answer the...Ch. 4 - Use the graph here and in figure 4.4 to answer the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25RACh. 4 - Prob. 26RACh. 4 - Prob. 27RA
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How can we correlate the activity” ESTIMATION OF ENERGY FLOW FROM PLANT TO HERBIVORE” to laws of thermodynamics. Explain your answer.arrow_forwardDescribe the energy flow that makes living systems thermodynamically possible. Explain why would you add amino acid to a food sample so that it would appear to contain more protein? Do the amino acid compounds would already be present in a food sample actually did contain protein?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a description of an example of the second law of thermodynamics? Some chemical energy in glucose transforms to chemical energy in ATP. O The kinetic energy of wind turns the blades of a wind turbine. The chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to kinetic energy to drive a car. The mechanical energy of flowing water turns a turbine. Some chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to heat while driving a car.arrow_forward
- In hepatocytes, the enzyme glucokinase catalyzes the ATP-coupled phosphorylation of glucose. Glucokinase binds both ATP and glucose, forming a glucose-ATP-enzyme complex. The enzyme then transfers the phosphoryl group directly from ATP to glucose. Select the advantages of phosphoryl group transfer compared to hydrolysis and subsequent phosphorylation? ATP hydrolysis is thermodynamically unfavorable compared to group transfer. Glucokinase increases the transition state energy, favoring glucose phosphorylation. The process takes advantage of the high phosphoryl group transfer potential of ATP. Reaction intermediates do not need to be present in excess. Incorrectarrow_forwardSuppose that a homebuilder installs electric baseboard heat and claims, “It is the cheapest and cleanest way to go.” Apply your understanding of the second law of thermodynamics (see Chapter 2) and net energy yield (see Figure 15-2) to evaluate this claim. Write a response to the homebuilder summarizing your findings.arrow_forwardYou and a friend are eating dinner together, and a number of events occur during your dinner that call to mind the Laws of Thermodynamics. Match each event to the most relevant Law of Thermodynamics. Your food is cooked on a propane grill, which converts the chemical energy from propane and oxygen into the heat used to cook the food, First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Your meals arrive, and your friend enjoys eating her steak, which contains chemical energy that will be converted into other forms of chemical energy within her body. After the meal, you go for a walk. The chemical energy from dinner will help generate ATP to fuel the skeletal muscles used for walking. The waiter brings a basket of bread, but as you eat it crumbs are scattered on the table. Your glass of water falls off the table and breaks into many pieces.arrow_forward
- Firefly luciferase is the enzyme that allows fireflies to illuminate their abdomens. Because this light generation is an ATP-requiring reaction, firefly luciferase can be used to test for the presence of ATP. In this way, luciferase can test for the presence of life. The coupled reactions are luciferin+O2 ⇌ oxyluciferin+light ATP ⇌ AMP+PPi, ΔGo=−31.6 kJ/mol If the overall ΔGo of the coupled reaction is -8.70 kJ/mol, what is the equilibrium constant, K, of the first reaction at 27oC?arrow_forwardWhat is a better or more efficient fuel; Carbohydrates or Fats? Please define what the term “better or more efficient” fuel. To help you with this, think of the table with the different units: kcals/gram vs. kcals/liter of O2. So these units could be a measurement of efficiency.arrow_forwardUsing understanding of the thermodynamics laws, explain the energy transformations for the following processes. a. Glucose – Pyruvase + 2ATF + 2NADH b. Pyruvate – Acetyl-CoA + NaDH c. Citric acid – Oxoloacetate + 3NaDH + FADH2 + ATP d. H20 at PSII – ATP e. Photon at PSI – NADPH f. Co2 + RuBp – 3PG + ATP + NADPH – G3P (1/6 of which is converted to glucose)arrow_forward
- What terms would best describe the above coupled reaction?A. it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall Go is positive)B. it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall Go is positive)C. it is non-spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall Go is positive)D. it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall Go is negative)E. it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall Go is negative)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is most directly described by the first law of thermodynamics? A B с D The synthesis of highly-ordered biomolecules is coupled with the production of heat energy. All energy-transferring processes involve the loss of some of that energy into an unus- able form. Enzymes reduce the activation energy of chemical energy by stabilizing substrates at their transition states. The energy for the synthesis of glucose is provided by the absorption of light energy in chlorophyll pigments.arrow_forwardDescribe the changes in energy types from the beginning of the sprint to the end. Would you consider this reaction endothermic?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
DIVERSITY IN PLANTS; Author: 7activestudio;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJrks56FQIY;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Biology- Plant Kingdom - Diversity in Living Organisms - Part 4 - English - English; Author: Bodhaguru;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFgQ74EvfDQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY