Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 4, Problem 5cCP
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effect of a defective enzyme on the concentration of the intermediates in a pathway.Â
Introduction:
The mechanism of end-product inhibition is used for controlling the amount of product formed in a reaction. During this inhibition, the final product inhibits the activity of an enzyme involved in initiation of the formation of this end-product. End-product inhibition occurs in order to prevent the accumulation of the final product.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 4 - Use the lock-and-key model to explain how enzymes...Ch. 4 - Explain how enzymes are named, and the nature of...Ch. 4 - Draw graphs to represent the effects of changes in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4CPCh. 4 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 4 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 4 - Prob. 5cCPCh. 4 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 4 - Define the terms exergonic reaction and endergonic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7aCP
Ch. 4 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 4 - Which of these statements about enzymes is...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about enzyme-catalyzed...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about lactate...Ch. 4 - In a metabolic pathway, a. the product of one...Ch. 4 - In an inborn error of metabolism,
a. a genetic...Ch. 4 - Which of these represents an endergonic...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about ATP is true? a....Ch. 4 - When oxygen is combined with 2 hydrogens to make...Ch. 4 - Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions...Ch. 4 - According to the law of mass action, which of...Ch. 4 - Explain the relationship between an enzyme's...Ch. 4 - Explain how the rate of enzymatic reactions may be...Ch. 4 - Explain how end-product inhibition represents a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14RACh. 4 - The coenzymes NAD and FAD can "shuttle" hydrogens...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16RACh. 4 - Why do we need to eat food containing niacin and...Ch. 4 - Metabolic pathways can be likened to intersecting...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19RACh. 4 - Suppose you come across a bottle of enzyme tablets...Ch. 4 - Describe the energy transformations that occur...Ch. 4 - Use the reversible reactions involving the...Ch. 4 - Use the graph here and in figure 4.4 to answer the...Ch. 4 - Use the graph here and in figure 4.4 to answer the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25RACh. 4 - Prob. 26RACh. 4 - Prob. 27RA
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- For a lot of enzymes that work on fatty acids, the rate determining step is the release of the product from the active site. This means that the activation energy for product release is much higher than the free energy of catalysis. What enthalpic or entropic contributions would make the activation energy for product release so high and explain?arrow_forwardEnzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the energy activation required to facilitate the process. Explain the generalized and sequential enzyme mechanism of action (hint: from substrates to products).arrow_forwardSuggest a name for an enzymes that catalyzes each of the following reactions.1. Hydrolysis of Lactose 2. Oxidation of Nitrate3. Decarboxylation of Citrate4. Reduction of Exalatearrow_forward
- The mechanism of chymotrypsin is used as a model for studying enzyme reaction mechanisms. Answer the following questions related to chymotrypsin: 1. List the 3 amino acids in the catalytic triad of chymotrypsin. 2. List the types of catalytic mechanisms (from the 3 main types of catalytic mechanisms) displayed in the mechanism of chymotrypsin.arrow_forwardWhen studying the mechanism of the enzymatic reaction, functional groups were found that ensure the connection of the enzyme molecule with the substrate and take a direct part in the act of catalysis. What are these areas of the enzyme formed by these groups called? What functional structures form them and why?arrow_forwardAssume that you used malate dehydrogenase as the starting material for engineering this enzyme. Explain in detail what changes you would have to make to malate dehydrogenase for it to catalyze this new reaction instead of its usual reaction.arrow_forward
- Suggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. Oxidation of nitrite Decarboxylation of citrate Reduction of oxalatearrow_forwardSuggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. 1. Hydrolysis of lactose 3. Decarboxylation of citrate 4. Reduction of oxalate 2. Oxidation of nitritearrow_forwardThe conversion of substance X to substance Y is an endergonic reaction, but it can be driven if coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. Write simple equations illustrating how that can occur.arrow_forward
- Citrulline is one metabolite whose levels are “out of range.” The unusual levels of citrulline could be explained bythe loss of function of which enzyme? Draw the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme.arrow_forwardThe enzyme glutamine synthetase catalyzes the following reaction: glutamate + ATP + NH3 → glutamine + ADP + phosphate Which of the following statements about this reaction is correct? a. The reaction is endergonic whether or not enzyme is added b. The reaction is only endergonic if enzyme is added c. The reaction is only exergonic if enzyme is added d. The rate of oxygen production will be unaffected e. The reaction is exergonic whether or not enzyme is addedarrow_forwardThe enzyme malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the final step that completes the Citric Acid Cycle. The ∆G of this reaction is +29.7 kJ/mol. Explain how this thermodynamically unfavorable reaction could possibly be accomplished by the cell even though the reaction is not coupled to a favorable reaction.arrow_forward
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