Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 4, Problem 27RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
Fate of salivary amylase in the stomach.
Introduction:
pH (potential of hydrogen) of the enzymes is determined primarily by their locations. The enzymes present in saliva are neutral, the gastric enzymes are acidic while the pancreatic enzymes are basic. Enzymes require optimum temperature and pH to perform actively.
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Suppose that you perform an experiment to observe the effect of temperature and pH on the
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 4 - Use the lock-and-key model to explain how enzymes...Ch. 4 - Explain how enzymes are named, and the nature of...Ch. 4 - Draw graphs to represent the effects of changes in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4CPCh. 4 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 4 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 4 - Prob. 5cCPCh. 4 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 4 - Define the terms exergonic reaction and endergonic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7aCP
Ch. 4 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 4 - Which of these statements about enzymes is...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about enzyme-catalyzed...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about lactate...Ch. 4 - In a metabolic pathway, a. the product of one...Ch. 4 - In an inborn error of metabolism,
a. a genetic...Ch. 4 - Which of these represents an endergonic...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about ATP is true? a....Ch. 4 - When oxygen is combined with 2 hydrogens to make...Ch. 4 - Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions...Ch. 4 - According to the law of mass action, which of...Ch. 4 - Explain the relationship between an enzyme's...Ch. 4 - Explain how the rate of enzymatic reactions may be...Ch. 4 - Explain how end-product inhibition represents a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14RACh. 4 - The coenzymes NAD and FAD can "shuttle" hydrogens...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16RACh. 4 - Why do we need to eat food containing niacin and...Ch. 4 - Metabolic pathways can be likened to intersecting...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19RACh. 4 - Suppose you come across a bottle of enzyme tablets...Ch. 4 - Describe the energy transformations that occur...Ch. 4 - Use the reversible reactions involving the...Ch. 4 - Use the graph here and in figure 4.4 to answer the...Ch. 4 - Use the graph here and in figure 4.4 to answer the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25RACh. 4 - Prob. 26RACh. 4 - Prob. 27RA
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- Individuals suffering from ketoacidosis have acidic urine. What effect do you expect ketones to have on pH? Why is pH lowered when ketone bodies are present?arrow_forwardIntroduction to Experiment 1: Starch Digestion by Amylase In this experiment, we will look for evidence of starch digestion by testing solutions for the presence of starch and sugars. When starch is present, the iodine in Lugol’s solution turns the solution black, blue, or dark brown. If starch is not present, iodine will dye the solution a yellow color. Benedict’s reagent reacts with “reducing sugars,” including glucose, resulting in a green, orange, or red color. If sugars are not present, Benedict’s reagent remains a light blue color. What is/are the end product(s) of starch digestion? _____________________________________________________________ What is the name of the enzyme that digests starch (amylose)? ________________________________________________ Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details): When mixed with Lugol’s solution, test tube A1 (amylase only) will have what color and why? _____________…arrow_forwardAt what pH is the activity of pepsin and salivary amylase equal?arrow_forward
- Introduction to Experiment 1: Starch Digestion by Amylase In this experiment, we will look for evidence of starch digestion by testing solutions for the presence of starch and sugars. When starch is present, the iodine in Lugoks solution turns the solution black, blue, or dark brown. If starch is not present, iodine will dye the solution a yellow color. Benedict's reagent reacts with "reducing sugars," including glucese, resulting in a green, orange, or red color. If sugars are not present, Benedict's reagent remains a light blue color. 1. What is/are the end product(s) of starch digestion?. 2. What is the name of the enzyme that digests starch (amylose)? Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details): 1. When mixed with Lugol'ssolution, test tube A1 (amylase only) will have what color and why? 2. When mixed with Benedict's solution, test tube A1 (amylase only) will have what color and why?. 3. When mixed with Lugols solution, test tube A2 (starch only) will have what color…arrow_forwardTo prevent tooth decay, nutritionists recommend replacing sucrose in kindergartens with non-carbohydrate sweeteners. Q: write the reaction of dissociation of the final product of this metabolic pathway, causing a shift in pH in the oral cavityarrow_forwardGastric juice normally has a pH of 2. Given this, what happens to the activity of salivary amylase, a starch-digesting enzyme in saliva, when it arrives in the stomach?arrow_forward
- Fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue, as triacylglycerol (TAG) forms. TAGs are degraded as glycerol and fatty acids where energy is required. Based on that knowledge explain: How these products are used in the adipose, liver, and other tissue? Why glycerol can not be metabolized in adipose tissue?arrow_forwardCan fat be digested and absorbed in the absence of bile salts? Explain.aarrow_forwardBelow is a list of steps that occur after an exercising muscle cell begins degrading amino acids for ATP production. For each step, choose (A) if the process occurs in the muscle cell and (B) if the process occurs in the liver. It will be easiest to answer this question if you first put the steps in order, then decide in which organ they occur. ______ Alanine is transaminated with a-ketoglutarate.______ Branched chain amino acids are transaminated with a-ketoglutarate.______ Glutamate is deaminated.______ Glutamate is transaminated with pyruvate.______ Ketoacid skeletons resulting from branch chain amino acids enter the CAC.______ Pyruvate enters gluconeogenesis.______ Urea is formed from the nitrogen removed from the original branched chain amino acid.arrow_forward
- Wasting is one of the characteristics of HIV / Aids, caused by increased metabolic activity. Untreated patients quickly lose up to 10% of their body weight, with loss of muscle mass contributing most. What happens to the amino group of amino acids that are broken down in the muscles? Fully explain the process of amino acid degradation in the muscle up to urea production in the liver.arrow_forwardThe catalytic activity of enzymes depends on the presence of appropriate environmental conditions. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme found in the stomach and facilitates the digestion of large proteins. If pepsin is removed from this acidic environment of the stomach and is instead placed in a more basic environment, it will cease to function. Describe the specific effect that a change in environmental pH will have on pepsin and explain how this change can lead to inhibition of its catalytic activity. Respond in 4 to 6 complete sentences.arrow_forwardHow does the mouth achieve initial digestion of polysaccharides? due to the enzymatic action of the pancreatic juices produced in the mouth through the HCl acid produced by the chief cells at the outermost oral epithelia by means of the salivary amylase which is produced by the salivary glands as a result of the chewing (mechanical digestion) of the oral muscles and the teetharrow_forward
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