Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Question
Chapter 4, Problem 14RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) formation and its role as a universal energy carrier based on the first and second laws of
Introduction:
ATP is a complex organic molecule. It provides energy to drive many processes inside a cell. ATP captures chemical energy, which is obtained by the breakdown of food, and releases it for other cellular processes. This molecule is considered a universal energy carrier.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 4 - Use the lock-and-key model to explain how enzymes...Ch. 4 - Explain how enzymes are named, and the nature of...Ch. 4 - Draw graphs to represent the effects of changes in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4CPCh. 4 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 4 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 4 - Prob. 5cCPCh. 4 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 4 - Define the terms exergonic reaction and endergonic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7aCP
Ch. 4 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 4 - Which of these statements about enzymes is...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about enzyme-catalyzed...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about lactate...Ch. 4 - In a metabolic pathway, a. the product of one...Ch. 4 - In an inborn error of metabolism,
a. a genetic...Ch. 4 - Which of these represents an endergonic...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements about ATP is true? a....Ch. 4 - When oxygen is combined with 2 hydrogens to make...Ch. 4 - Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions...Ch. 4 - According to the law of mass action, which of...Ch. 4 - Explain the relationship between an enzyme's...Ch. 4 - Explain how the rate of enzymatic reactions may be...Ch. 4 - Explain how end-product inhibition represents a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14RACh. 4 - The coenzymes NAD and FAD can "shuttle" hydrogens...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16RACh. 4 - Why do we need to eat food containing niacin and...Ch. 4 - Metabolic pathways can be likened to intersecting...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19RACh. 4 - Suppose you come across a bottle of enzyme tablets...Ch. 4 - Describe the energy transformations that occur...Ch. 4 - Use the reversible reactions involving the...Ch. 4 - Use the graph here and in figure 4.4 to answer the...Ch. 4 - Use the graph here and in figure 4.4 to answer the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25RACh. 4 - Prob. 26RACh. 4 - Prob. 27RA
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- State the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and discuss the implications of these laws as they relate to organisms.arrow_forwardDefine potential energy and kinetic energy and provide two specific examples of each. Explain how one form of energy can be converted into another. Will some energy be lost during this conversion? If so, what form will it take?arrow_forwardExplain first and second law of thermodynamics using an examplearrow_forward
- Which of the following is a description of an example of the second law of thermodynamics? Some chemical energy in glucose transforms to chemical energy in ATP. O The kinetic energy of wind turns the blades of a wind turbine. The chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to kinetic energy to drive a car. The mechanical energy of flowing water turns a turbine. Some chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to heat while driving a car.arrow_forwardThe first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant, but that the various forms of energy can be interconverted. Describe four different types of such energy transduction that occur in living organisms and provide one example for eacharrow_forwardWhat is the first law of thermodynamics? the second law?arrow_forward
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- Discuss the following statement: “enzymes and heat are alike in that both can speed up reactions that—although thermodynamically feasible—do not occur at an appreciable rate because they require a high activation energy. diseases that seem to benefit from the careful application of heat—in the form of hot chicken soup, for example—are therefore likely to be due to the insufficient function of an enzyme.”arrow_forwardWhat is expected to happen to the reaction rate with increasing temperature? (Enzyme kinetics)arrow_forwardAs a result of an experiment following measurements were obtained from a cell: ATP concentration of 0.5 mM, ADP concentration of 0.1 mM, inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration of 2 mM. Under these conditions calculate the actual free energy (AG) of the reaction of hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi. (The standard energy (AG") of ATP = -31 kl/mol; RT = 2.58 kJ/mol) Select one: a. -28 kJ/mol b. -33 kJ/mol C. -42 kJ/mol d. -19 kJ/molarrow_forward
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