Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21.2, Problem 3COMQ
During real-time PCR, the synthesis of PCR products is analyzed
a. at the very end of the reaction by gel electrophoresis.
b. at the very end of the reaction by fluorescence that is emitted within the thermocycler.
c. during the PCR cycles by gel electrophoresis.
d. during the PCR cycles by fluorescence that is emitted within the thermocycler.
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You have been performing a PCR reaction but your results aren't the greatest. Your Supervisor has told you that you should increase the concentration of Magnesium. What affect will this have on the reaction?
a.
The annealing temperature will not be affected but the enzyme activity will be affected.
b.
The annealing temperature will decrease.
c.
The denaturation temparture will have to be increased in the PCR protocol.
d.
The denaturation temparture will have to be decreased in the PCR protocol.
e.
The Annealing temperature will increase.
After running PCR on your raw milk colony, you run your product on an agarose gel and see multiple bands
coming from a single sample. Assuming there was no contamination in the set up of your PCR reaction, what
could have happened?
a. the primers were not specific enough
b. the PCR reaction was run for too long
c. you forgot to add primers
d. the PCR annealing temperature was too high
e. the master mix lacked Taq enzyme
f. both a and d
What is the improtance of creating the master mix in the PCR lab?
Pick all that apply.
a. It makes the reaction run faster.
b. It ensures more consistent concentrations of reagents for each tube.
c. It helps correct for pipette errors at small volumes.
d. It is easier to set up a single tube to add needed components in bulk versus pippetting each sample tube individually.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 21.1 - 1. Which of the following may be used as a vector...Ch. 21.1 - The restriction enzymes used in gene-cloning...Ch. 21.1 - 3. Which is the proper order of the following...Ch. 21.1 - 4. The function of reverse transcriptase is...Ch. 21.1 - A collection of recombinant vectors that carry...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 21.2 - 3. During real-time PCR, the synthesis of PCR...Ch. 21.3 - When a dideoxyribonucleotide is incorporated into...Ch. 21.4 - 1. The purpose of site-directed mutagenesis and...
Ch. 21.5 - Which of the following methods use(s) a labeled...Ch. 21.5 - 2. Which of the following methods is used to...Ch. 21.5 - During Western blotting, the primary antibody...Ch. 21.6 - 1. In an EMSA, the binding of a protein to...Ch. 21.6 - The basis for DNase I footprinting is that the...Ch. 21 - Discuss three important advances that have...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 21 - Write a double-stranded DNA sequence that is 20...Ch. 21 - What is cDNA? In eukaryotes, how does cDNA differ...Ch. 21 - 5. Draw the structural feature of a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1EQCh. 21 - Prob. 2EQCh. 21 - Describe the important features of cloning...Ch. 21 - 4. How does gene cloning produce many copies of a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5EQCh. 21 - Prob. 6EQCh. 21 - Prob. 7EQCh. 21 - Prob. 8EQCh. 21 - Prob. 9EQCh. 21 - Starting with a sample of RNA that contains the...Ch. 21 - 11. What type of probe is used for real-time PCR?...Ch. 21 - 12. What phase of PCR (exponential, linear, or...Ch. 21 - 13. DNA sequencing can help us to identify...Ch. 21 - A sample of DNA was subjected to automated DNA...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15EQCh. 21 - Prob. 16EQCh. 21 - Prob. 17EQCh. 21 - Prob. 18EQCh. 21 - Prob. 19EQCh. 21 - What is the purpose of a Northern blotting...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21EQCh. 21 - Prob. 22EQCh. 21 - 23. In the Western blot shown here, proteins were...Ch. 21 - If you wanted to know if a protein was made during...Ch. 21 - Prob. 25EQCh. 21 - Prob. 26EQCh. 21 - Prob. 27EQCh. 21 - 28. Describe the rationale behind the...Ch. 21 - Certain hormones, such as epinephrine, can...Ch. 21 - An electrophoretic mobility shift assay can be...Ch. 21 - Prob. 31EQCh. 21 - Prob. 32EQCh. 21 - Prob. 33EQCh. 21 - Prob. 1QSDC
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- What would be the effect of performing a RT-PCR with the following ingredients: an mRNA template, appropriate primers, dNTPs, heat-stable reverse transcriptase and human DNA polymerase? Select one: a. The PCR would occur, but with a high mutation rate b. The PCR reaction will not commence c. Non-specific PCR of random templates will occur d. The RNA template would be converted to DNA, but the DNA segment would not be amplified PCR would proceed normally е.arrow_forwarda. What determines the size (length) of the primary PCR product? b. What might a successful gel check of a PCR reaction look like?arrow_forwardWhich of the following reagents is NOT required for a PCR? a. DNA template b. DNA Polymerase c. All four dNTPs d. small amount of ddNTPs e. Pair of primersarrow_forward
- What are the advantages of qPCR (RT-PCR) compared to conventional PCR? Choose all that apply a. human error is reduced as there are fewer human interactions with the samples b. you can visualize the results as the process is running c. samples can be compared as to the amount of template DNA in the original sample d. more samples can be run in a day by one personarrow_forwardWhat would be the outcome if the primers used in a polymerase chain reaction have lower GC content (<40 %), shorter, and more variable than the intended oligonucleotide sequence? a.The PCR reaction will cease after the first cycle b.The reaction will yield a mixture of non-specific products. c.All of these d.The PCR reaction will not start. e.The reaction will yield a single short PCR product.arrow_forwardMatch the following terms with their definitions and label each component of the PCR mixture in the diagram (use the letters A-D):I. DNA polymeraseII. PrimersIII. NucleotidesIV. Genomic DNA template A. DNA that contains the target sequence that will be replicated using PCR.B. An enzyme that copies the DNA sequence.C. A mixture of 4 nucleotides (A,G,C, and T) that will be polymerized into the replicated DNA sequence.D. A short DNA sequence that allows the enzyme to bind and initiate polymerization.arrow_forward
- Explain two parameters that should be considered when designing primers for PCR.arrow_forwardThe best combination of regeants for a typical PCR reacion would include the following concentration of reagents: a. 1x buffer, 1.5 mMm MgCl2, 0.5nM primers, 10mMdNTPs, 2units Taq, 1010 copies of template b. none of these answers c. 1x buffer, 1.5 mMm MgCl2, 0.5pM primers, 10mMdNTPs, 2units Taq, 105 copies of template d. 1x buffer, 1.5 mMm NH3 Cl2, 0.5pM primers, 10mMdNTPs, 2units Taq, 102 copies of template e. 1x buffer, 1.5 mMm KCL2 , 0.5nM primers, 10mMdNTPs, 2units Taq, 103copies of template thank you!!arrow_forwardBelow are several problems frequently faced by researchers when running the PCR. Give one (1) solution to each problem stated. 1. No PCR product 2. Multiple bands appeared after gel electrophoresis (you are amplifying just 1 gene) 3. Bright thick bands at the end of the agarose gel after electrophoresis 4. Bands appeared at the negative controlarrow_forward
- Primer annealing is an important aspect of PCR. The annealing step of the cycle usually takes place at around 45-55°C and lasts for only 20-30 seconds. Which of the following statements best explains why the annealing time has to be so brief? OA. A longer annealing time would prevent primers binding to specific sites. OB. The short time frame prevents primers from binding to each other. OC. If the time were any longer, DNA polymerase would begin to denature. OD. The short time frame minimizes complementary template strands base pairing with each other. Reset Selectionarrow_forwardLink the technique to the correct enzyme. PCR cutting DNA cDNA synthesis DNA sequencing pasting DNA a. reverse transcriptase b. Taq polymerase c. DNA polymerase (not Taq) d. DNA ligase e. restriction enzymearrow_forwardDescribe the method of a PCR technique in which you can amplify fragments randomly? Briefly.arrow_forward
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