Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 20, Problem 5P
A carcinogenic compound is placed on the skin of inbred laboratory mice. In many of these mice, skin tumors develop at the site of exposure, but only months after the chemical is no longer detectable. Why don’t all the mice develop tumors, and why don’t the tumors appear much sooner?
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Which of the following effectively describes the situation of someone with an inherited predisposition to cancer such as familial adenomatous polyposis or BRCA-associated familial breast cancer?
Choose all that apply
a) If they get malignant cancer, somatic mutations will not have been a factor
b) Their cancer will most likely arise in their germ cells, not their somatic cells
c) None of the answers effectively describes the situation
d) Every cell of their body contains a gain-of-function allele of an oncogene
e) Most cells in their body contain multiple cancer-causing mutations
f) Every cell of their body contains a defective, loss-of-function allele of a tumor suppressor gene
Based on the figure below:
If children with hereditary retinoblastoma often survive until adulthood and produce children, what is their risk of developing other types of tumors later in life? What is a risk for their children of developing retinoblastoma? Is there the tendency to develop retinoblastoma inherited as a dominant trait or as a recessive trait?
Is there one mutant copy sufficient to predispose a person to develop the cancer or two copies are needed to develop retinoblastoma as a cancer?
Having a mutant form of the gene XYZ is associated with a higher incidence of cancer than is seen in the general population. If mutant XYZ runs in a woman’s family, will she automatically get cancer? Explain why or why not.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 20 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 20 - Characterize the differences between tumor cells...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3PCh. 20 - Prob. 4PCh. 20 - A carcinogenic compound is placed on the skin of...Ch. 20 - You have decided to study genetic factors...Ch. 20 - B cells are specialized blood cells that secrete...Ch. 20 - Molecules outside and inside the cell regulate the...Ch. 20 - Put the following steps in the correct ordered...Ch. 20 - a. Would you expect a cell to continue or to stop...
Ch. 20 - Two different protein complexes called SCF and APC...Ch. 20 - One of the hallmarks of mitotic anaphase is the...Ch. 20 - Concerning the Tools of Genetics Box Analysis of...Ch. 20 - Are genome and karyotype instabilities...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15PCh. 20 - Why dont all loss-of-function mutations that are...Ch. 20 - Chromothripsis is a rare phenomenon, first...Ch. 20 - The chromosome 9/22 translocation associated with...Ch. 20 - A female patient 19 years old, whose symptoms are...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20PCh. 20 - A generic signaling cascade is shown in the...Ch. 20 - Neurofibromatosis type 1 NF1; also known as von...Ch. 20 - Families with germ-line BRCA1 or BRCA2...Ch. 20 - The text explained that retroviruses can cause...Ch. 20 - Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent form...Ch. 20 - Suppose that instead of microarrays, you analyzed...Ch. 20 - Prob. 27PCh. 20 - Glioblastoma multiforme GBM is the most common and...Ch. 20 - a. The legend to Fig. 20.29 identifies which of...Ch. 20 - The website CBioPortal http://www.cbioportal.org...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor-suppressor genes are widely available. These tests reveal a number of mutations in these genes—mutations that have been linked to familial breast cancer. Assume that a young woman in a suspected breast cancer family takes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic tests and receives negative results. That is, she does not test positive for the mutant alleles of BRCA1 or BRCA2. Can she consider herself free of risk for breast cancer?arrow_forwardD) The level of carbon dioxide increases with the level of available oxygen. 60) The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the guardian of the genome, this protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way. The p53 protein is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches directly to DNA and plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self- destruct (undergo apoptosis). If the DNA can be repaired, p53 activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. eg Suppose chromosomes in a skin cell are damaged by ultraviolet radiation. If the damaged genes do not affect p53, which choice correctly predict if the cell will become cancerous and why? No, the cell will…arrow_forwardIn what category of cancer-related genes is it possible to find inherited variants that are associated with cancer? Why? Group of answer choices 1. Tumor suppressor genes, because genes in this category are very important in the process of developing cancer. 2. Proto-oncogenes, because individuals who carry only one cancer-causing allele will have a wildtype phenotype. 3. Proto-oncogenes, because there are very few genes in this category, so mutations in them are rare. 4. Tumor suppressor genes, because individuals who carry only one cancer-causing allele will have a wildtype phenotype.arrow_forward
- What are predisposition genes? why are the responsible for cause of cancer ?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of tumor suppressor genes? Group of answer choices a) If this gene is overactive, it becomes an oncogene b) If one of the alleles is mutated, there is usually little effect. Two inactivating mutations are usually required for loss of function (recessive mutation). c) If one copy is lost, the gene no longer functions (dominant mutation) d) Tumor suppressors genes usually cause mitosis or cell growth e) Tumor suppressor genes decrease apoptosisarrow_forwardThere is no change in the DNA sequence when stem cells differentiate into different cell types. Explain the reason for this change in phenotype without a change in the genotype.arrow_forward
- BRCA1 is a gene that codes for a tumor suppressor protein. If a person inherits a mutation in BRCA1, it greatly increases his or her risk of developing breast cancer. Are the cancer-causing mutations in the BRCA1 gene more likely to: A) not affect expression of the gene B) increase expression of the gene C) decrease expression of the genearrow_forwardMetastasis occurs when cells from a primary tumor invade and colonize other tissues. Metastasis is a complex, multistep process. Tumor cells must lose adhesion with other tumor cells, invade local tissues and vessels, move through the circulation, leave the vessels, and finally, establish new colonies at distant sites. Tumor cells gain the ability to cross epithelial layers and migrate through tissues by mutations, although the nature of the mutations that drive metastasis is poorly understood. Mutations that block expression of the E-cadherin gene are thought to be an important step in metastasis. The absence of E-cadherin expression could affect metastasis by blocking cell adhesion directly, by releasing signaling proteins bound to the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin, or by both mechanisms. To better understand how loss of E-cadherin contributes to metastasis, scientists created two cell lines that differed in their expression of E-cadherin. One cell line was blocked for expression…arrow_forwardGenetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 oncogenes are widely available. These tests reveal a number of mutations in these genes—mutations that have been linked to familial breast cancer. Assume that a young woman in a suspected breast cancer family takes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic tests and receives negative results. That is, she does not test positive for the mutant alleles of BRCA1 or BRCA2. Can she consider herself free of risk for breast cancer?arrow_forward
- Based on Figure 17-35, write a sentence stating howtranslocation can lead to cancer. Can you think of another genetic cause of cancer?arrow_forwardCancer-causing mutations in genes can have different effects on the protein products expressed. a) What type of mutation would be dominant in the development of cancer? Why? b) What type of mutation would be expressed as a recessive trait in the development of cancer? Why? c) Based upon your answers to parts (a) and (b), how would you treat these situations using a gene therapy approach?arrow_forwardA woman has just been diagnosed with breast cancer. Her doctor tells her that while cancer is a multifactorial disease, she carries the breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1. One of her two identical twin 19-year-old daughters is afraid that she also may have inherited the gene. -What considerations would you give her daughter who is worried about inheriting the cancer gene?arrow_forward
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