Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 20, Problem 11P
Two different protein complexes called SCF and APC covalently add a small polypeptide called ubiquitin to cyclin proteins. The addition of ubiquitin to a protein targets that protein to be degraded by another protein complex called the proteasome. The SCF complex is activated during S phase, and the APC complex is activated during M phase.
| a. | To which cyclins (A, B, D, or E in Fig. 20.14) do you think SCF couples ubiquitin? What about the APC? |
| b. | How might cells activate SCF and APC only at the correct times? |
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Rather surprisingly, some cellular components that we know best from our study of nuclear protein traffic also appear to be involved in the process of spindle assembly. These include Ran GEF (which, as you may recall, is bound to chromatin – an association that apparently continues even when the nuclear envelope breaks down at the onset of mitosis) and importin-β. Now think back to the process of nuclear protein import. To which form of Ran (Ran-GDP or Ran-GTP) does importin-β bind and what is the significance of that interaction with respect to the efficiency of delivery of import “cargo” to the nucleus? To which form of Ran (Ran-GDP or Ran-GTP) do exportins bind and what is the significance of that interaction with respect to the efficiency of delivery of export “cargo” to the cytoplasm?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 20 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 20 - Characterize the differences between tumor cells...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3PCh. 20 - Prob. 4PCh. 20 - A carcinogenic compound is placed on the skin of...Ch. 20 - You have decided to study genetic factors...Ch. 20 - B cells are specialized blood cells that secrete...Ch. 20 - Molecules outside and inside the cell regulate the...Ch. 20 - Put the following steps in the correct ordered...Ch. 20 - a. Would you expect a cell to continue or to stop...
Ch. 20 - Two different protein complexes called SCF and APC...Ch. 20 - One of the hallmarks of mitotic anaphase is the...Ch. 20 - Concerning the Tools of Genetics Box Analysis of...Ch. 20 - Are genome and karyotype instabilities...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15PCh. 20 - Why dont all loss-of-function mutations that are...Ch. 20 - Chromothripsis is a rare phenomenon, first...Ch. 20 - The chromosome 9/22 translocation associated with...Ch. 20 - A female patient 19 years old, whose symptoms are...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20PCh. 20 - A generic signaling cascade is shown in the...Ch. 20 - Neurofibromatosis type 1 NF1; also known as von...Ch. 20 - Families with germ-line BRCA1 or BRCA2...Ch. 20 - The text explained that retroviruses can cause...Ch. 20 - Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent form...Ch. 20 - Suppose that instead of microarrays, you analyzed...Ch. 20 - Prob. 27PCh. 20 - Glioblastoma multiforme GBM is the most common and...Ch. 20 - a. The legend to Fig. 20.29 identifies which of...Ch. 20 - The website CBioPortal http://www.cbioportal.org...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- After a cell "clears" the G₁ restriction checkpoint, it can proceed into S phase. This S phase entry is achieved by a cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk2) and its cyclin (Cyclin E), but additionally requires the action of a protein kinase (CDC2) as well as a phosphatase (CDC25) enzyme. Explain how these 4 proteins work together to orchestrate S phase entry.arrow_forwardDescribe the roles of p53 and NFAT and their nuclear import. How does the phosphorylation regulate the nuclear import/export of Pho4? Propose an experiment to test this mechanismarrow_forwardSee figure 12.16b regarding the process by which cyclin regulates the Cdk. Suppose that the cyclin binding site in the Cdk contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: serine, lysine, aspartic acid acid and lysine and the Cdk binding site in the cyclin contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: aspartic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and serine. Use the schematics below to show the R groups and how they might interact to create the cyclin.cdk complex. Label both binding sites, show all charges that will be used to create any bonds, and label all bonds formed and add the ATP active site. Cyclin Serine Lysine Aspartic "Acid Lysine -OH NH3t -Coo NH3+ NH3 + -OH Aspartic Aad Aspartic Acid /Lysine Serine сокarrow_forward
- See figure 12.16b regarding the process by which cyclin regulates the Cdk. Suppose that the cyclin binding site in the Cdk contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: serine, lysine, aspartic acid acid and lysine and the Cdk binding site in the cyclin contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: aspartic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and serine. Use the schematics below to show the R groups and how they might interact to create the cyclin.cdk complex. Label both binding sites, show all charges that will be used to create any bonds, and label all bonds formed and add the ATP active site. A Explain what a kinase does and how the cyclin controls the activity of the Cdk.arrow_forwardMutants of cyclin B that are resistant to degradation by the cyclin B protease have been generated. How would the presence of these cyclin B mutants affect the events at the metaphase to anaphase transition?arrow_forward6) According to what you have learned about spindle assembly checkpoint and using the following figure A) Which step (A,B, orC) is necessary to allow metaphase to anaphase transition?... Mad2 BubR1 АРС/С A Cyclin B- Cdk1 C Cdk1 Securin- Separase B) Which protein complex triggers the inactivation of maturation separase B promoting factor? Cohesin Kinetochore Microtubules Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphasearrow_forward
- In addition, when ARF is artificially expressed in normal cells, a rapid increase in p53 levels is observed. Studies have demonstrated that ARF, when expressed, is associated with Mdm2. When associated, the two proteins display a particular pattern of localization restricted to the nucleolus. Suggest a mechanism by which ARF leads to p53 build-up.arrow_forwardImagine that you created a cell that over-expresses a truncated version of its extrinsic pathway initiator caspase. This protein contains the caspase's DED, but none of the caspase's protease domains. This truncated version is present as an extra copy in addition to the WT copy. In 1-2 sentences, explain what the outcome would be on extrinsic apoptosis (i.e. would it be a positive/negative regulator/have no effect) and why.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the most likely result of a mutation in the lac operator that prevents release of the depressor protein? Choose 1 answer: (A)The lactose permease protein will be produced, even in the absence of lactose. (B) Transcription of the structural genes will be blocked, even in the presence of lactose. (C) The catabolite activator protein will be bound to the CAP site, even in the presence of glucose. (D) Expression of the lacI gene will be repressed, even in the absence of glucose.arrow_forward
- You are studying the function of Bax as a positive regulator of apoptosis. You've engineered a version of the Bax protein that is functional, but is mislocalized to the plasma membrane rather than the mitochondria. You expect that this will block the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. When you activate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, you are surprised to find that the cells still die. You then do a cell fractionation experiment and verify that Bax is. indeed being sent to the plasma membrane, rather than the mitochondria. In one sentence, what is the most likely hypothesis for what is happening?arrow_forwardBriefly describe how the cyclin D-cdk4/6 and cyclin E-cdk2 complexes regulate Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) functions?arrow_forward(c) What are mitotic disrupters? Explain with an example. mitotic disruptersarrow_forward
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