The Ames Test... a. is always used to detect cancer-causing virus b. has the potential to completely replace the need of animal testing of potential carcinogens c. uses a virus constructed to be susceptible to mutagenesis caused by mutagens d. includes liver extract in the assay to determine the mutagenicity of the metabolites of test samples e. is positive for all human carcinogens

Which of the following statements regarding loss of function and gain of function mutations is true?  A. If both gain of function and loss of function approaches show the consistent results it is the most convincing evidence to demonstrate the function of gene B. Gain of  function mute tapes are the most of case recessive C. Gain of function approach is more convincing than loss of function approach D. Over expression of a gene cannot be considered as gain of function

Consider the following results from the Ames test: Test plate - 20 colonies Does the test plate contain a chemical that is a mutagen? O Not enough information is present to answer the question. Yes O No

4). p53 (sometimes called TP53 for “tumor protein 53") is a human tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in the majority of human cancers (many tumor types). a. For each of the mutations described below (i-iv): is this a mutation you would expect to find when sequencing p53 alleles from tumor cells? Why or why not? i. A missense mutation encoding a hyperactive form of the protein. ii. A deletion of the gene. iii. An insertion in the promoter that increases transcription 10-fold. iv. A nonsense mutation. b. When sequencing the p53 gene in tumor cells, would you expect to find only mutant version(s) of the gene or a mix of mutant and wild type versions? c. For any of the mutations you said you would expect to find in tumor cells, would you expect tumor cells to be homozygous (same mutation on both chromosomes)? Why or why not? d. Individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome have a very high risk of tumors originating in various tissues due to inheritance of a loss-of-function mutant allele of…